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In-situ X-ray imaging of sublimating spin-frozen solutions

Journal Contribution - Journal Article

Spin-freeze-drying is a promising technique to enable long-term storage of pharmaceutical unit doses of aqueous drug solutions. To investigate the sublimation of the ice during the primary phase of freeze-drying, X-ray imaging can yield crucial temporally resolved information on the local dynamics. In this paper, we describe a methodology to investigate the sublimation front during single unit-dose freeze-drying using 4D in-situ X-ray imaging. Three spin-frozen samples of different solutions were imaged using this methodology and the process characteristics were analysed and reduced to two-dimensional feature maps.
Journal: MATERIALS
ISSN: 1996-1944
Issue: 13
Volume: 13
Publication year:2020
Accessibility:Open