Enhancing the robustness and practicality of nanofiltration membranes for wastewater treatment and resource recovery

Nanofiltration (NF) membranes have garnered considerable attention in the domains of wastewater treatment and resource recovery due to their selective separation capabilities at the nanoscale. Nonetheless, challenges persist regarding their durability and practical applicability. This study commences with an exhaustive review of the current state of nanofiltration membrane technology, elucidating its advantages and constraints in wastewater treatment and resource recovery. Subsequent research endeavors are centered on the development of advanced nanocomposite NF membranes aimed at enhancing durability and practicality. Through systematic experimentation and characterization, the impact of various nanomaterials on membrane performance parameters including permeability, selectivity, and anti-fouling properties is investigated. Furthermore, innovative strategies for membrane surface modification and functionalization are explored to bolster anti-fouling capabilities and ensure prolonged stability under challenging operational conditions. These strategies encompass novel surface coatings, manipulation of surface charge, and optimization of morphology to alleviate fouling effects and prolong membrane lifespan. Additionally, optimization of membrane fabrication processes is examined, considering factors such as membrane morphology, pore size distribution, and interfacial interactions. In sum, this doctoral thesis contributes to the advancement of NF membrane technology by offering insights into strategies for bolstering durability and practicality, thereby facilitating widespread adoption in wastewater treatment and resource recovery processes. The findings of this study hold significant implications for addressing the global water scarcity challenge and advocating sustainable development practices in water management and environmental engineering.