Blurring the lines: A study of the conditions to design and facilitate powerful integrated learning environments for disadvantaged students

Recent research results indicate that many pupils in the vocational track of the first stage of secondary education do not achieve the minimum objectives. A general education is nevertheless crucial for these students to be able to participate in our complex society and help shape it. Basic literacy is necessary to be able to participate (success)fully in society. The teacher and his team are the key figures in the realization of this basic education. Therefore, there is a need for knowledge about characteristics of effective learning environments in the vocational track of the first stage of secondary education and about the conditions to realize this. This research aims to (1) map insights from scientific literature regarding effective didactic principles for the diverse population in the vocational track of the first stage of secondary education, (2) identify the current situation in the vocational track of the first stage of secondary education, and (3) critically analyze a selection of practices regarding their effectiveness and conditions.