Multi-anvil apparatus - a very high-pressure experimental device to investigate the structure of planet Mercury

In this proposal, we request funding for a multi-anvil
experimental apparatus. This device allows high-pressure,
high-temperature experiments to be run up to 2000˚C and
25 GPa. Experiments are performed on small (~ 10 mg)
samples of natural rocks or on synthetic compositions
representing the compositions of planetary bodies. Both PIs
of the proposal are deeply involved in the ESA-JAXA
BepiColombo mission to Mercury. As such, we will use the
multi-anvil apparatus to perform experiments to constrain
the internal structure of Mercury (mantle, core, crust) as
well as the physical and geochemical properties of the
various parts of the planet. A multi-anvil is critically needed
for this study because the core-mantle boundary on
Mercury is at a pressure higher than 5 GPa and therefore
experiments cannot be performed with more conventional
high-pressure facilities such as piston cylinders. Our project
has the objective to create new research perspectives and
to identify further questions that should be addressed by
BepiColombo. Indeed, the scientific objectives of
BepiColombo will be adapted continuously depending on
the most recent research until the spacecraft enters into
orbit in 2025. Our project will therefore not only have a
strong impact on our understanding of Mercury but will
also be relevant for the mission preparation and scientific
exploitation of this ESA cornerstone mission.