Market effects of a grid injection limit algorithm and optimal storage deployment

Timing and sizing the need for implementation of battery storage might be an important parameter for cost-effective integration of renewables in the system and balancing the electricity system in a cost-effective way. This PhD contributes to a broader research project, in which a power injection limitation on static and dynamic basis controlled by the grid operator is assessed. In this PhD, the interaction between such a power injection limitation, based on the requirements from the grid operators to protect and balance the system and to supply every requested demand, and wholesale and retail market design, is studied. More specifically, we consider the currently envisioned evolution of wholesale and retail markets. Different wholesale and prosumer-dominated retail market designs, as well as the interaction between these markets, are studied via novel models based on game theory. In summary, focus is on: • High renewables wholesale electricity markets, incl. storage, transmission and demand response constraints • Prosumer dominated retail electricity markets • Interaction between wholesale and retail electricity markets • Regulatory framework for high RES and energy storage electricity markets