Title Participants Abstract "Reactivity screening of microscale zerovalent irons and iron sulfides towards different CAHs under standardized experimental conditions" "Milica Velimirovic, Per-Olof Larsson, Queenie Simons, Leen Bastiaens" "A standardized batch test procedure was developed and used to evaluate the reactivity of twelve newly designed microscale zerovalent iron (mZVI) particles and two biogenic iron sulfides towards a mixture of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) and their breakdown products. For comparison, commercially available mZVIs, nanoscale zerovalent irons (nZVIs), iron sulfides (FeS) and granular zerovalent iron were also tested. Reactivity of the particles was based on observed (k(obs)) and mass normalized (k(M)) pseudo-first-order degradation rate constants, as well as specific surface area normalized reaction rate constants (k(SA)). Sorption characteristics of the particles were based on mass balance data. Among the new mZVIs, significant differences in reactivity were observed and the most reactive particles were identified. Based on k(M) data, nZVI degraded the examined contaminants one to two orders of magnitude faster than the mZVIs. k(M) values for biogenic iron sulfides were similar to the least reactive mZVIs. On the other hand, comparison of k(SA) data revealed that the reactivity of some newly designed mZVIs was similar to highly reactive nZVIs, and even up to one order of magnitude higher. k(SA) values for biogenic iron sulfides were one to two orders of magnitude lower than those reported for reactive mZVIs. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved." "Iron refractory iron deficiency anemia: a heterogeneous disease that is not always iron refractory" "Albertine E Donker, Charlotte CM Schaap, Vera MJ Novotny, Roel Smeets, Tessa MA Peters, Bert van den Heuvel, Martine F Raphael, Anita W Rijneveld, Inge M Appel, Andre J Vlot, A Birgitta Versluijs, Michel van Gelder, Bernd Granzen, Mirian CH Janssen, Alexander JM Rennings, Frank L van de Veerdonk, Paul PT Brons, Dirk L Bakkeren, Marten R Nijziel, L Thom Vlasveld, Dorine W Swinkels" "TMPRSS6 variants that affect protein function result in impaired matriptase-2 function and consequently uninhibited hepcidin production, leading to iron refractory iron deficiency anemia (IRIDA). This disease is characterized by microcytic, hypochromic anemia and serum hepcidin values that are inappropriately high for body iron levels. Much is still unknown about its pathophysiology, genotype-phenotype correlation, and optimal clinical management. We describe 14 different TMPRSS6 variants, of which 9 are novel, in 21 phenotypically affected IRIDA patients from 20 families living in the Netherlands; 16 out of 21 patients were female. In 7 out of 21 cases DNA sequencing and multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification demonstrated only heterozygous TMPRSS6 variants. The age at presentation, disease severity, and response to iron supplementation were highly variable, even for patients and relatives with similar TMPRSS6 genotypes. Mono-allelic IRIDA patients had a milder phenotype with respect to hemoglobin and MCV and presented significantly later in life with anemia than bi-allelic patients. Transferrin saturation (TSAT)/hepcidin ratios were lower in IRIDA probands than in healthy relatives. Most patients required parenteral iron. Genotype alone was not predictive for the response to oral iron. We conclude that IRIDA is a genotypically and phenotypically heterogeneous disease. The high proportion of female patients and the discrepancy between phenotypes of probands and relatives with the same genotype, suggest a complex interplay between genetic and acquired factors in the pathogenesis of IRIDA. In the absence of inflammation, the TSAT/hepcidin ratio is a promising diagnostic tool, even after iron supplementation has been given. Am. J. Hematol. 91:E482-E490, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc." "Iron Deficiency After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: Insufficient Iron Absorption from Oral Iron Supplements" "Ina Gesquiere, Matthias Lannoo, Patrick Augustijns, Christophe Matthys, Bart Van Der Schueren, Veerle Foulon" "Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) may reduce the absorption of iron, but the extent to which this absorption is impeded is largely unknown. First, we determined the prevalence of iron deficiency following RYGB and explored the risk factors for its development. Second, we examined to what extent oral iron supplements are absorbed after RYGB." "Iron deficiency before and after bariatric surgery: the need for iron supplementation." "R. Ten Broeke, Bert Bravenboer, F.j.f. Smulders" "Hepcidin inhibits the iron export from duodenal cells and liver cells into the plasma and therefore plays a key role in controlling iron homeostasis. In obese patients, elevated cytokine production stimulates hepcidin synthesis, causing iron to be retained as ferritin in e. g. macrophages (functional iron deficiency). In addition, patients often develop iron deficiency after bariatric surgery due to malabsorption, which may cause anaemia and thereby lead to complaints such as fatigue. In these patients, the absorption of iron may be disrupted because the reduction of Fe3+ by gastric acid into Fe2+ (the form that is easily absorbed) is not so effective after stomach reduction. Iron absorption is further reduced after malabsorptive interventions as a result of bypassing the duodenum and the proximal part of the small intestine, where the absorption takes place. Oral iron supplements often have little effect after bariatric surgery. Intravenous supplements of iron can restore the iron status rapidly after bariatric surgery, resulting in fewer symptoms such as fatigue." "Safety of iron milk proteinate as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 and bioavailability of iron from this source in the context of Directive 2002/46/EC" "Dominique Turck, Jacqueline Castenmiller, Stefaan De Henauw, Karen Ildico Hirsch-Ernst, Alexandre Maciuk, Inge Mangelsdorf, Harry J. McArdle, Androniki Naska, Carmen Pelaez, Kristina Pentieva, Alfonso Siani, Frank Thies, Sophia Tsabouri, Marco Vinceti, Francesco Cubadda, Thomas Frenzel, Marina Heinonen, Miguel Prieto Maradona, Rosangela Marchelli, Monika Neuhaeuser-Berthold, Morten Poulsen, Josef Rudolf Schlatter, Henk van Loveren, Reinhard Acker, Helle Katrine Knutsen, EFSA Panel Nutr Novel Foods Food A" "Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on iron milk proteinate as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 and to address the bioavailability of iron from this source in the context of Directive 2002/46/EC. The NF is a complex of iron, casein and phosphate, which is produced from iron salts (i.e. ferric chloride or ferric sulfate), sodium caseinate and potassium orthophosphate. The NF is proposed by the applicant to be used as a source of iron, of which the NF contains 2-4%. The applicant intends to market the NF as an ingredient in a number of food categories; in food supplements, in total diet replacement for weight control and in foods for special medical purposes. The Panel considers that, taking into account the composition of the NF and the proposed conditions of use, consumption of the NF is not nutritionally disadvantageous. The studies provided for ADME and bioavailability indicate that iron from the NF is bioavailable. Overall, the evidence indicates that upon ingestion the NF undergoes digestion into small peptides to yield iron-bound caseinophosphopeptides that are normal constituents of the human diet, and that the iron from the NF does not bypass the homeostatic control of iron as a nutrient. The Panel concludes that the NF, iron milk proteinate, is safe under the proposed conditions of use. The Panel also concludes that the NF is a source from which iron is bioavailable." "Rural settlement in the European Iron Age : relating buildings, landscape, and people in the European Iron Age" "The majority of humanity have lived out their lives in a ‘rural’ context, and even in our increasingly urbanised world almost half of the global population still live in rural areas. In the European Iron Age, the vast mass of the population clearly lived in small hamlets and farmsteads, and this overarching ‘rurality’ is important for understanding these societies. While there has been a pronounced focus in recent archaeological research on patterns of centralisation and urbanisation, there is a need to reincorporate ‘rural life’ or rurality into these discussions of how people lived. This book is a contribution to the study of rural life in Iron Age Europe, collating case studies extending from southern Spain to northern Scotland and from Denmark to the Balkans. Papers are grouped thematically to open up cross-regional comparisons, ranging across studies of buildings, farms – the basic unit of Iron Age life consisting of its inhabitants, its livestock and associated agricultural lands – to wider settlement patterns and land use strategies. The 29 papers in this volume discuss the disposition, form and organisation of rural settlements, as well as underlying social and economic networks, illustrating both the variability between regions, and also common themes in cultural, economic and social interactions. This volume provides an up-to-date overview of current research, presenting new results for the Iron Age specialist as well as a wider audience interested in the rich tapestry of rural settlement in Europe." "Treatment for iron deficiency anaemia with a combined supplementation of iron, vitamin A and zinc in women of Dinajpur, Bangladesh" "SR Rahman, K Hilderbrand, A Diniz" "Intake and dietary sources of haem and non-haem iron among European adolescents and their association with iron status and different lifestyle and socio-economic factors" "S Vandevijvere, Nathalie Michels, S Verstraete, M Ferrari, C Leclercq, M Cuenca-García, Evangelia Grammatikaki, Y Manios, F Gottrand, JV Santamaría, M Kersting, M Gonzalez-Gross, L Moreno, T Mouratidou, K Stevens, A Meirhaeghen, J Dallongeville, M Sjöström, L Hallstrom, A Kafatos, K Widhalm, D Molnar, Stefaan De Henauw, Inge Huybrechts" "An Acetobacterium strain isolated with metallic iron as electron donor enhances iron corrosion by a similar mechanism as Sporomusa sphaeroides" "Jo Philips, Eva Monballyu, Steffen Georg, Kim De Paepe, Antonin Prévoteau, Korneel Rabaey, Jan Arends" "Sporomusa sphaeroides related strains are to date the only homoacetogens known to increase metallic iron corrosion. The goal of this work was to isolate additional homoacetogenic bacteria capable of using Fe(0) as electron donor and to explore their extracellular electron transfer mechanism. Enrichments were started from anoxic corrosion products and yielded Acetobacterium as main homoacetogenic genus. Isolations were performed with a new procedure using plates with a Fe(0) powder top layer. An Acetobacterium strain, closely related to A. malicum and A. wieringae, was isolated, in addition to a S. sphaeroides strain. The Acetobacterium isolate significantly increased Fe(0) corrosion ((1.44 0.16)-fold) compared to abiotic controls. The increase of corrosion by type strains ranged from (1.28 +/- 0.13)-fold for A. woodii to (2.03 +/- 0.22)-fold for S. sphaeroides. Hydrogen mediated the electron uptake from Fe(0) by the acetogenic isolates and tested type strains. Exchange of the medium and SEM imaging suggested that cells were attached to Fe(0). The corrosion enhancement mechanism is for all tested strains likely related to free extracellular components catalyzing hydrogen formation on the Fe(0) surface, or to the maintenance of low hydrogen concentrations on the Fe(0) surface by attached cells thereby thermodynamically favoring hydrogen formation." "Iron status, iron supplementation and anemia in pregnancy: ethnic outcomes" "Mohamed Baraka, Monika Laubach, Danny Coomans" "not available"