Title Participants "Laser-assisted cavity preparation and adhesion to erbium-lased tooth structure, part 2: present-day adhesion to erbium-lased tooth structure in permanent teeth" "Roeland De Moor, Katleen Delmé" "Effect of tooth temperature on the dentin bonding durability of a self-curing adhesives: The discrepancy between the laboratory setting and inside the mouth" "Bart Van Meerbeek" "A two-bottle self-curing universal adhesive (Tokuyama Universal Bond; Tokuyama Dental) that does not require a long waiting time or light curing after application of the bonding material has been developed. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of tooth and adhesive temperature during the bonding procedure on the effectiveness of dentin bonding. The results showed that the tooth temperature affected the effectiveness of the dentin bonding; therefore, to determine the precise bonding ability in the laboratory, the temperature of the tooth must be raised until it is the same as that of the oral cavity. In addition, the temperature of the material did not affect bonding effectiveness; this result confirms that it does not matter whether the refrigerated product is used soon after its removal from the refrigerator or after it reaches room temperature in the clinic." "Three-dimensional validation of the impact of the quantity of teeth or tooth parts on the morphological difference between twin dentitions" "Guy Willems, Patrick Thevissen" "BACKGROUND: The number of teeth involved in cases of bite-mark analysis is generally fewer in comparison to the number of teeth available for cases of dental identification. This decreases the amount of information available and can hamper the distinction between bite suspects. The opposite is true in cases of dental identification and the assumption is that more teeth contribute to a higher degree of specificity and the possibility of identification in these cases. Despite being broadly accepted in forensic dentistry, this hypothesis has never been scientifically tested. OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to assess the impact of the quantity of teeth or tooth parts on morphological differences in twin dentitions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A sample of 344 dental casts collected from 86 pairs of twins was used. The dental casts were digitized using an automated motion device (XCAD 3D® (XCADCAM Technology®, São Paulo, SP, Brazil) and were imported as three-dimensional dental model images (3D-DMI) in Geomagic Studio® (3D Systems®, Rock Hill, SC, USA) software package. Sub samples were established based on the quantity of teeth and tooth parts studied. Pair wise morphological comparisons between the corresponding twin siblings were established and quantified. RESULTS: Increasing the quantity of teeth and tooth parts resulted in an increase of morphological difference between twin dentitions. More evident differences were observed comparing anterior vs. entire dentitions (p < 0.05) and complete vs. partial anterior dentitions (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Dental identifications and bite-mark analysis must include all the possibly related dental information to reach optimal comparison outcomes." "Estimating emergence sequences of permanent teeth in Flemish schoolchildren using interval-censored biplots: a graphical display of tooth emergence sequences" "Silvia Cecere, Roos Leroy, Patrick J. F. Groenen, Emmanuel LESAFFRE, Dominique Declerck" "Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the pattern of emergence of permanent teeth using nonparametric techniques. Materials and methods: Data were obtained from the Signal-Tandmobiel (R) project, a 6-year prospective dental study conducted in Flanders (Belgium) in which 4468 primary school children born in 1989 were annually examined. A new exploratory method for interval-censored data, the IC-biplot, was applied to estimate individual sequences of emergence. In addition, the method renders a nice graphical representation of both children and teeth in the plane where the individual sequences of emergence can easily be visualized. On the basis of the estimated individual sequences, their corresponding prevalences were calculated. Results: The study revealed that between 7 and 13 different sequences of emergence can be expected depending on gender and quadrant. The prevalences of the most frequent sequences in girls varied from 35% to 85% depending on the quadrant, while in boys they varied from 28% to 32%. Most sequences in the maxilla start with 6-1-2 and in the mandible with 1-6-2. Conclusions: The IC-biplot is a flexible procedure that allows an easy visualization of the pattern of emergence of permanent teeth. Rank orders derived from the IC-biplot confirm rank orders suggested earlier in the literature." "Zebrafish sp7 mutants show tooth cycling independent of attachment, eruption and poor differentiation of teeth" "E Kague, Paul Witten, Mieke Soenens, CL Campos, T Lubiana, S Fisher, C Hammond, K Robson Brown, MR Passos-Bueno, Ann Huysseune" "Tooth shape in teleosts and its link to tooth spacing and replacement" "Ann Huysseune, Paul Witten" "Lateral incisor agenesis, canine impaction and characteristics of supernumerary teeth in a South European male population." "Michael Bornstein" "OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of lateral incisor agenesis impacted canines and supernumerary teeth in a young adult male population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The panoramic radiographs of 1745 military students (mean age: 18.6 ± 0.52 years) who attended the Center of Aviation Medicine of the Armed Forces of Greece during the period 1997-2011 were initially analyzed for lateral incisor agenesis by two observers. After exclusion of the known orthodontic cases, a subgroup of 1636 examinees (mean age: 18.6 ± 0.44 years) was evaluated for canine impaction and supernumerary teeth. RESULTS: Twenty-eight missing lateral incisors were observed in 22 military students, indicating an incidence of 1.3% in the investigated population. No lateral incisor agenesis was detected in the mandibular arch. A prevalence rate of 0.8% was determined for canine impaction in the sample of young adults. The majority of impacted teeth (86.7%) were diagnosed in the maxillary arch. Thirty-five supernumerary teeth were observed in 24 examinees (prevalence rate: 1.5%). The ratio of supernumerary teeth located in the maxilla versus the mandible was 2.2:1. The most common type of supernumerary tooth was the upper distomolar. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of lateral incisor agenesis, canine impaction, and supernumerary teeth ranged from 0.8 to 1.5% in the sample of male Greek military students." "Ten simple rules for Global North researchers to stop perpetuating helicopter research in the Global South" "Danny Haelewaters, Tina A. Hofmann, Adriana L. Romero-Olivares" "The practice of Global North (i.e., “richer” globalized countries located in the northern hemisphere, except for Australia and New Zealand) researchers making roundtrips to the Global South (i.e., “poorer” developing countries located around the tropics and in the Southern hemisphere) to collect materials and then process, analyze, and publish results with little to no involvement from local collaborators is referred to as “helicopter research” or “parachute research”. At best, local scientists provide logistical help and knowledge of the local community, such as field site guiding, identification of local organisms, translation from and to local languages, and facilitating resources to foreign scientists. However, often, these necessary actors in the scientific process receive little to no retribution for their work and knowledge. For example, a systematic problem in academia is that local scientists and graduate and undergraduate students are often not offered coauthorship in manuscripts for which their contributions were essential (e.g., project planning, logistics, and knowledge of local biodiversity). Even worse is that research remains unavailable for them and others who contributed substantially, since in most cases, peer-review publications are available behind a paywall, and they are written in English, which is the second or third language for many Global South researchers. Furthermore, local communities where Global North scientists come to conduct helicopter research are usually left out of broader impacts and outreach efforts, as these tend to happen in Global North communities. Helicopter research is a way to perpetuate colonization practices, and power imbalances are critical in perpetuating helicopter research. For example, Global North researchers often set the research agenda based on priorities of their funding agencies, which, in many cases, are decided upon by those same researchers sitting in decision-making committees of those very agencies. All too often, proposals are developed without a deep understanding of problems and priorities of Global South countries where the anticipated research will take place. Global South collaborators are rarely invited to brainstorm and set the research agenda for their needs. This opens the door for unequal partnership with research objectives that may be irrelevant for Global South collaborators, who then, are forced to accept an already funded proposal due to lack of research funding within their own countries or institutions. Thus, power and politics behind science are interconnected and are a driving force behind helicopter research. Helicopter research is a problem that also happens within Global North and within Global South countries, where dominating cultures perpetuate abuse on historically marginalized communities, including those of indigenous people, people of color, people from lower socioeconomic status, etc. This is an increasingly complex problem that has been intensely discussed in other papers and for which extensive guidelines exist. Here, we address the problem that exists specifically between researchers from the Global North—often members of the dominating culture—toward people of the Global South who may or may not be members of the dominating culture. We propose 10 simple rules for avoiding helicopter research for better, collaborative, and non-colonial science between the Global North and the Global South." "Growing together : emancipatory lessons from North Korean defector's art education in South Korea" "Eun Kyoung Shin" "‘Education’ has a twofold effect on learners, depending on the intention of the teachers. On the one hand, education isolates individual thoughts and limits a person’s process of imagination. Therefore, people who provide education (that is, the dominator) could easily deal with learners as they intend. On the other hand, education can also give liberty to the oppressed. North Korean life is dominated by the Kim family's ideology; people there have a distorted view of art, which makes them praise the North Korean system and intensify the ideology. However, after entering South Korea, defectors experience art differently. Their art education seems like an art therapy, which removes their previous knowledge of art. During the period of art re-education, they could overcome their trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) more easily. Due to artistic activity, they could overcome their previous knowledge of art and try to express their freedom. In this study, I explore the positive effects of art education and introduce an example of emancipatory art education through the alternative school of North Korean youth defectors and their theatre group in South Korea." "Bringing the North Pole to the South China Sea: Dots and Lines on Maps and Their Explanation" "Erik Franckx" "The title of the present contribution may seem somewhat farfetched, for the North Pole and the South China Sea do not seem to have much in common at first sight. There certainly lies some truth in this primary observation, as will be discussed in Part 1 below. Nevertheless, as far as the development of the legal regime in both regions is concerned, a notable resemblance is to be discerned if one tries to understand how the largest country in the region, i.e. the Russian Federation in the Arctic and China with respect to the South China Sea, have both tried to tighten their grip on the areas in question. By means of legal enactments of a rather broad nature and of which the exact juridical implications are not immediately clear, or at least open to interpretation, Russia and China have veiled their respective legal claims over the area in a haze of uncertainty. Part 2 will focus on the state practice of both countries in this respect. The final part (Part 3) will subsequently try to draw some conclusions from these similar developments in two areas which at first sight bear a few resemblances."