Effects of combined exposure to metal mixtures and natural stressors on aquatic invertebrates: relating changes in metal uptake to altered behavior and ecological effects. University of Antwerp
Metals are posing a worldwide threat to aquatic ecosystems. In the natural environment trace metals most often occur in different mixtures, in which metals can strongly interfere with each other, producing antagonistic, synergistic or additional toxic effects. Besides the presence of pollutants also natural stressors such as fluctuating temperature, food shortages and predators are present that might negatively affect organisms and alter metal ...