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'Jusqu'où s'étendra l'emploi du fer en architecture?' : 19th and 20th century discourses on the use of iron in architecture Vrije Universiteit Brussel
The use of iron in architecture - thus in the built environment - has been in both the 19th and the 20th century the subject of discussions by architects, engineers, art historians, philosophers and writers. Through analysis of a series of texts written by architects and engineers - the Belgian engineer Arthur Vierendeel in particular - this paper tries to point out they were concerned with the way future architecture should look like and which ...
Micro-Raman analysis for the identification of pigments from 19th and 20th century paintings KU Leuven University of Antwerp
In this article, results using confocal μ-Raman to analyse the cross-section of paint samples are presented. Results obtained with light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with an energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and micro-X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) are mentioned and compared to the ones obtained with confocal (MRS). In some cases, pigment identification was possible only by combining analytical results from different ...
'Jusqu'où s'étendra l'emploi du fer en architecture?': 19th and 20th century discourses on the use of iron in architecture Ghent University
The use of iron in architecture - thus in the built environment - has been in both the 19th and the 20th century the subject of discussions by architects, engineers, art historians, philosophers and writers. Through analysis of a series of texts written by architects and engineers - the Belgian engineer Arthur Vierendeel in particular - this paper tries to point out they were concerned with the way future architecture should look like and which ...
Iron and steel construction workshops in 19th and early 20th century Belgium: retrieving their oeuvre via trade catalogues Vrije Universiteit Brussel
In the 19th century iron and steel were worldwide applied to construct halls, markets, stations and bridges. Belgium, being an early industrialised country on the European mainland, was famous for its iron and steel construction workshops and the export of iron and steel structures. Yet, the majority of the early Belgian construction workshops is hardly studied. As company archives of Belgian construction workshops are seldom preserved, we ...
The role of secularisation on marriage and conception seasonality patterns: A study of Antwerp (Flanders, Belgium) in the second half of the 19th and the early 20th century KU Leuven
© 2018 The Author(s). The period comprising the second half of the nineteenth and the early twentieth century in Belgium has been described as one of rapid societal transformation including industrialization, urbanization, and, also in some extent, secularization. This is the historical period in which first mortality and later fertility also declined, facilitated by socio-economic (structural) and cultural changes, and resulting in the first ...
China’s brick history and conservation: Laboratory results of Shanghai samples from 19th to 20th century KU Leuven
Fired bricks have been used for construction purposes in China for at least two thousand years. Since themid-19th century the manufacture of bricks has shifted from an old to a new system. The unique Chineseblue brick has been gradually replaced by the European red brick and other modern products. This studyfocuses on Shanghai as a representative city in that transitional period, aims at addressing the true con-dition of the modern changes in ...