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A standardised method for interpreting the association between mutations and phenotypic drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Institute of Tropical Medicine

Paolo Miotto, Belay Tessema, Elisa Tagliani, Leonid Chindelevitch, Angela M. Starks, Claudia Emerson, Debra Hanna, Peter S. Kim, Richard Liwski, Matteo Zignol, et al.

A clear understanding of the genetic basis of antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is required to accelerate the development of rapid drug susceptibility testing methods based on genetic sequence.

Raw genotype-phenotype correlation data were extracted as part of a comprehensive systematic review to develop a standardised analytical approach for interpreting resistance associated mutations for rifampicin, isoniazid, ...

Detection of tuberculosis drug resistance: a comparison by Mycobacterium tuberculosis MLPA assay versus Genotype®MTBDRplus Institute of Tropical Medicine

Paula Fernanda Gonçalves Dos Santos, Elis Regina Dalla Costa, Daniela M Ramalho, Maria Lucia Rossetti, Regina Bones Barcellos, Luciana de Souza Nunes, Leonardo Souza Esteves, Rodrigo Rodenbusch, Richard M. Anthony, Indra L. Bergval, et al.

BACKGROUND: To cope with the emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), new molecular methods that can routinely be used to screen for a wide range of drug resistance related genetic markers in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome are urgently needed.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of multiplex ligaton-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) against Genotype® MTBDRplus to detect resistance to isoniazid (INHr) and ...

Genomic and transcriptomic changes that mediate increased platinum resistance in Cupriavidus metallidurans Institute of Tropical Medicine Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Md Muntasir Ali, Ann Provoost, Laurens Maertens, Natalie Leys, Pieter Monsieurs, Daniel Charlier, Rob Van Houdt

The extensive anthropogenic use of platinum, a rare element found in low natural abundance in the Earth's continental crust and one of the critical raw materials in the EU innovation partnership framework, has resulted in increased concentrations in surface environments. To minimize its spread and increase its recovery from the environment, biological recovery via different microbial systems is explored. In contrast, studies focusing on the ...

Global epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in commensal Neisseria species: a systematic review Institute of Tropical Medicine

Thibaut Vanbaelen, Christophe Van Dijck, Jolein Laumen, Natalia González, Irith De Baetselier, Sheeba Santhini Manoharan-Basil, Tessa de Block, Christopher Kenyon

BACKGROUND: Commensal Neisseria species (spp). represent an important reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes for pathogenic Neisseria spp. In this systematic review, we aimed to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility of commensal Neisseria spp. and how this has evolved over time. We also aimed to assess if commensal Neisseria spp. showed intrinsic resistance to four antimicrobials - penicillin, azithromycin, ceftriaxone and ...

Drug repurposing: phosphate prodrugs of anticancer and antiviral FDA-approved nucleosides as novel antimicrobials KU Leuven

Thijs Van Leemputte, Xabier Villanueva, Dirk Daelemans, Hans Steenackers
OBJECTIVES: Following a drug repurposing approach, we aimed to investigate and compare the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of different classes of phosphate prodrugs (HepDirect, cycloSal, SATE and mix SATE) of antiviral and anticancer FDA-approved nucleoside drugs [zidovudine (AZT), floxouridine (FUDR) and gemcitabine (GEM)] against a variety of pathogenic Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. METHODS: Ten prodrugs were synthesized and ...

Concurrent resistance to carbapenem and colistin among enterobacteriaceae recovered from human and animal sources in Nigeria is associated with multiple genetic mechanisms Ghent University

Emmanuel O. Ngbede, Folasade Adekanmbi, Anil Poudel, Anwar Kalalah, Patrick Kelly, Yi Yang, Andrew M. Adamu, Salem T. Daniel, Alex A. Adikwu, Chinedu A. Akwuobu, et al.
Resistance to last resort drugs such as carbapenem and colistin is a serious global health threat. This study investigated carbapenem and colistin resistance in 583 non-duplicate Enterobacteriaceae isolates utilizing phenotypic methods and whole genome sequencing (WGS). Of the 583 isolates recovered from humans, animals and the environment in Nigeria, 18.9% (110/583) were resistant to at least one carbapenem (meropenem, ertapenem, and imipenem) ...

Towards an improved understanding of rare variants in Mycobacterium tuberculosis candidate resistance genes University of Antwerp

Tuberculosis is a bacterial infectious disease caused by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains are spreading and evolving at an alarming rate. Resistance has been observed to all available tuberculosis antibiotics, threatening the longevity of the currently available treatment options. Whole genome sequencing is a reliable method to infer the drug resistance profile of a Mycobacterium ...

Quantifying antibiotic impact on within-patient dynamics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase resistance Institute of Tropical Medicine University of Antwerp

Rene Niehus, Esther van Kleef, Yin Mo, Agata Turlej-Rogacka, Christine Lammens, Yehuda Carmeli, Herman Goossens, Evelina Tacconelli, Biljana Carevic, Liliana Preotescu, et al.

Antibiotic-induced perturbation of the human gut flora is expected to play an important role in mediating the relationship between antibiotic use and the population prevalence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, but little is known about how antibiotics affect within-host resistance dynamics. Here we develop a data-driven model of the within-host dynamics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae. We use ...

Evolution and mechanisms of bacterial persistence, a shortcut for evolving genetic resistance KU Leuven

Joran Michiels
Persister cells constitute a small, antibiotic-tolerant fraction in an otherwise susceptible population. These phenotypic variants are inherent in any bacterial species and are strongly involved in recurrent and chronic infections. An in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the generation, maintenance, and resuscitation of persister cells is still lacking, especially in clinically relevant pathogenic strains. This is ...