From kinetic to magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) modeling of non-equilibrium plasmas described by Kappa distribution functions KU Leuven
In astrophysical systems the plasma is not in thermodynamic equilibrium, as evidenced by the in-situ measurements of particle distributions, and the plasma emissions whose understanding would help us diagnose these systems even when they are too far to be explored in-situ. The observations are inconsistent with the classical macroscopic theory, i.e., a moment-based MHD modeling, because the particle velocity distributions are not Maxwellian. ...