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Concomitant use of isavuconazole and CYP3A4/5 inducers: Where pharmacogenetics meets pharmacokinetics KU Leuven

Ruth Van Daele, Yves Debaveye, Robin Vos, Erwin Dreesen, Omar Elkayal, Pieter Vermeersch, Katrien Lagrou
BACKGROUND: Isavuconazole is a triazole antifungal drug, approved for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis. Isavuconazole is metabolised by CYP3A4 and CYP3A5, and it has been shown that the CYP3A inducer rifampin reduces isavuconazole exposure. By extrapolation, the concomitant use of isavuconazole with moderate and strong CYP450 inducers is contraindicated, although it is known that some CYP450 inducers are less potent in ...

Failure or relapse predictors for the STREAM Stage 1 short regimen for RR-TB Institute of Tropical Medicine

D. M. Kokebu, S. Ahmed, R. Moodliar, C.Y. Chiang, Gabriela Torrea, Armand Van Deun, Ruth L. Goodall, I. D. Rusen, S. K. Meredith, A J Nunn, et al.

BACKGROUND: STREAM (Standardised Treatment Regimens of Anti-tuberculosis drugs for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis) Stage 1 demonstrated non-inferior efficacy of a short regimen for rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB) compared to a long regimen as recommended by the WHO. The present paper analyses factors associated with a definite or probable failure or relapse (FoR) event in participants receiving the Short regimen.

METHODS: This ...

Psychometric evaluation of a new drug-resistant tuberculosis stigma scale Institute of Tropical Medicine

Lisa Redwood, Ellen M.H. Mitchell, Thu Anh Nguyen, Kerri Viney, Viet Nhung Nguyen, Greg J Fox

OBJECTIVES: Stigma contributes to diagnostic delay, disease concealment, and reduced wellbeing for people with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and their communities. Despite the negative effects of stigma, there are no scales to measure stigma in people with MDR-TB. This study aimed to develop and validate a scale to measure stigma in people affected by MDR-TB in Vietnam.

STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: People with ...

Clustering of leprosy beyond the household level in a highly endemic setting on the Comoros, an observational study Institute of Tropical Medicine

Nimer Ortuno-Gutierrez, Abdallah Baco, Sofie Braet, Assoumani Younoussa, Aboubacar Mzembaba, Zahara Salim, Mohamed Amidy, Saverio Grillone, Bouke de Jong, Jan Hendrik Richardus, et al.

Background

The island of Anjouan (Comoros) is highly endemic for leprosy with an annual incidence of 5-10/10,000. In May/June, 2015 single-dose Rifampicin post-exposure prophylaxis (SDR-PEP) was administered to 269 close contacts of 70 leprosy-patients in four villages as a pilot programmatic intervention. Two years later we revisited the villages for follow-up investigations. The main aim of our study was to quantify spatial ...

Protocol, rationale and design of BE-PEOPLE (Bedaquiline enhanced exposure prophylaxis for LEprosy in the Comoros): a cluster randomized trial on effectiveness of rifampicin and bedaquiline as post-exposure prophylaxis of leprosy contacts Institute of Tropical Medicine

Assoumani Younoussa, Said Nourdine Samidine, Auke T Bergeman, Alberto Piubello, Nissad Attoumani, Silahi Halifa Grillone, Sofie Braet, Achilleas Tsoumanis, Abdallah Baco, Aboubacar Mzembaba, et al.

BACKGROUND: Leprosy is an ancient infectious disease with an annual global incidence of around 200,000 over the past decade. Since 2018, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends single-dose rifampicin as post-exposure prophylaxis (SDR-PEP) for contacts of leprosy patients. The Post ExpOsure Prophylaxis for Leprosy (PEOPLE) trial evaluated PEP with a double dose of rifampicin in Comoros and Madagascar. Preliminary results of this trial ...

Suivi du premier cas d'infection à Mycobacterium ulcerans confirmé par culture, PCR et génotypage en République du Congo-Brazzaville Ghent University

K Kibadi, Pieter Stragier, J Muyembe-Tamfum, J Pedrosa, Françoise Portaels
This article presents follow-up data from the first patient in whom Mycobacterium ulcerans infection (MUI) was documented by PCR, genotyping and culture in the Republic of Congo-Brazzaville. Findings show the importance of regular clinical and microbiological evaluation for the disseminated form of the disease. The patient was probably infected in Pointe Noire where MUI has been described but never documented. Culture of specimens collected ...

Eradication of chronic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in cystic fibrosis patients. An observational prospective cohort study of 11 patients Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Eef Vanderhelst, Elke De Wachter, Denis Pierard, Walter Vincken, Anne Malfroot

BACKGROUND: Chronic airway infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is an increasing clinical problem, and therapeutic options are limited. Because chronic infection with MRSA can be associated with accelerated decline in lung function, eradication of MRSA is attempted in most CF centres today. The aim of this observational prospective cohort study was to determine whether it is ...