Metric development and validation of percutaneous nephrolithotomy tasks (PNL) training model for proficiency-based progression (PBP) training in urology KU Leuven
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) is the preferred method for treating large kidney stones due to its higher success rate in stone clearance and less invasive nature compared to open, laparoscopic, or robotic surgical techniques. PNL has become the standard procedure for removing large or complex stones in most medical institutions, as it offers advantages in terms of patient recovery, reduced complications, and cost-effectiveness. However, ...