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Multiple insecticide resistance: an impediment to insecticide-based malaria vector control program Institute of Tropical Medicine
BACKGROUND: Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS), insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are key components in malaria prevention and control strategy. However, the development of resistance by mosquitoes to insecticides recommended for IRS and/or ITNs/LLINs would affect insecticide-based malaria vector control. We assessed the susceptibility levels of Anopheles arabiensis to insecticides used in malaria control, ...
Vector control interventions for visceral leishmaniasis elimination initiative in South Asia, 2005-2010 Institute of Tropical Medicine
The Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) Elimination Initiative in the Indian subcontinent was launched in 2005 as a joint effort between the governments in the Region (India, Nepal and Bangladesh) and the World Health Organization (WHO). The objective is to reduce the annual VL incidence below 1/10,000 inhabitants by 2015 based on detection and treatment of VL cases and vector control. We present here a review of studies published in the period ...
Testing the effectiveness of community-based dengue vector control interventions using semiparametric mixed models Institute of Tropical Medicine
Objective: To evaluate the results obtained though intersectoral coordination and community empowerment in one study carried out during 6 years in Playa Municipality, Cuba. Methods: A longitudinal assessment comparing one intervention and one control area was conducted. The intervention encompasses two main stages separated by two dengue outbreaks. The first stage, focused on strengthening intersectoral coordination, was initiated in January ...
A cluster-randomized trial of insecticide-treated curtains for dengue vector control in Thailand Institute of Tropical Medicine
The efficacy of insecticide-treated window curtains (ITCs) for dengue vector control was evaluated in Thailand in a cluster-randomized controlled trial. A total of 2,037 houses in 26 clusters was randomized to receive the intervention or act as control (no treatment). Entomological surveys measured Aedes infestations (Breteau index, house index, container index, and pupae per person index) and oviposition indices (mean numbers of eggs laid in ...
The importance of considering community-level effects when selecting insecticidal malaria vector control products Institute of Tropical Medicine
BACKGROUND: Insecticide treatment of nets, curtains or walls and ceilings of houses represent the primary means for malaria prevention worldwide. Direct personal protection of individuals and households arises from deterrent and insecticidal activities which divert or kill mosquitoes before they can feed. However, at high coverage, community-level reductions of mosquito density and survival prevent more transmission exposure than the personal ...
Evaluation of the effectiveness of insecticide treated materials for household level dengue vector control Institute of Tropical Medicine
OBJECTIVE: To assess the operational effectiveness of long-lasting insecticide treated materials (ITMs), when used at household level, for the control of Aedes aegypti in moderately infested urban and suburban areas. METHODS: In an intervention study, ITMs consisting of curtains and water jar-covers (made from PermaNet) were distributed under routine field conditions in 10 clusters (5 urban and 5 suburban), with over 4000 houses, in Trujillo, ...
Vector control of schistosomiasis using native African plants; seminar, Brussels, 24 March 1992; proceedings Institute of Tropical Medicine
Readjustment of the malaria vector control strategy in the Rusizi Valley, Burundi Institute of Tropical Medicine
Based on a longitudinal survey performed in 1982-83, a vector control strategy was implemented from 1985 onwards in an area of Burundi of high malaria prevalence. One annual round of indoor spraying with malathion greatly reduced both the Plasmodium falciparum parasite load and the parasite rate in the population until 1989. However, from 1990 to 1993, a progressive resurgence of malaria was observed in most villages. For this study, 2 villages ...