Ex officio application of EU law by Belgian civil courts KU Leuven
The national judge is the natural judge for disputes between private parties and between private parties and public authorities on matters governed by EU law. When national courts settle these disputes, they use their national procedural law. In the absence of harmonized procedural rules, national procedural law is the applicable procedural law for EU law disputes. Since rules of national procedural law can stand in the way of the effective ...