The impact of instruction and out-of-school exposure to foreign language input on learners’ language proficiency in two languages KU Leuven
This cross-sectional study investigated the impact of formal instruction and informal language language learning on learners’ language proficiency in two foreign languages: French (first foreign language) and English (second foreign language). We collected data from three subgroups: language learners in grade 8, grade 10 and the first year at university. Despite fewer years of English instruction, participants’ scores on a vocabulary and ...