Titel Deelnemers "Korte inhoud" "[From the Expert's Office: Peculiarities in the Expert Opinion in Farmers with Suspicion of Noise Induced Hearing Loss]." "O Michel" "Die Tätigkeiten von Landwirten sind mit Lärmeinwirkungen verbunden, die sehr unterschiedlich sein können. Da manche Landwirte weit über die Altersgrenze hinaus arbeiten, kann die Abgrenzung einer eventuellen Lärmschwerhörigkeit gegen eine „Altersschwerhörigkeit“ im Einzelfall sehr schwierig sein. Das Problem ist, dass meist keine Voraudiogramme von regelmäßigen Untersuchungen nach G 20 vorliegen. Das erste Audiogramm wird meist erst angefertigt, wenn der alte Bauer schon längere Zeit schlecht hört. Außerdem gibt es unterschiedliche rechtliche Voraussetzungen in der landwirtschaftlichen Berufsgenossenschaft gegenüber anderen gesetzlichen Unfallversicherungen." "Power of the people or the expert? The influence of vox pop and expert statements on news-item evaluation, perceived public opinion, and personal opinion" "Vox pops, interviews with ordinary people on the street, are one of the most common ways to represent public opinion in television news. Research found that they influence audience judgments more than static base-rate information such as poll results. However, little research has compared vox pops with vivified base-rate information. Most research studying vox pops assumed they are included in the news because of their apparent attractiveness and trustworthiness to audiences. Using a television news experiment comparing statistical base-rate information vivified by an expert with vox pop statements, this study shows that news items containing vox pop statements are perceived as being less attractive and trustworthy than items containing the expert statement. No difference is found between the two types of public opinion information in their influence on perceived public opinion, but vox pops do influence audiences’ personal opinion more strongly." "Expert opinion on the long-term use of cladribine tablets for multiple sclerosis: Systematic literature review of real-world evidence" "Celia Oreja-Guevara, Wallace Brownlee, Elisabeth G. Celius, Diego Centonze, Gavin Giovannoni, Suzanne Hodgkinson, Christoph Kleinschnitz, Eva Kubala Havrdova, Melinda Magyari, Daniel Selchen, Patrick Vermersch, Heinz Wiendl, Bart VAN WIJMEERSCH, Hashem Salloukh, Bassem Yamout" "Background: Treatment with cladribine tablets (CladT), an immune reconstitution therapy for relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS), involves two short courses of treatment in Year 1 and Year 2. Most patients achieve sustained efficacy with CladT, but a small proportion may experience new disease activity (DA). Following completion of the indicated dose, physicians may have questions relating to the long-term management of these patients. Since the EU approval of CladT over 5 years ago, real-world evidence (RWE) is increasing and may provide some insights and guidance for clinical practice. We describe a systematic literature review (SLR) of RWE and provide expert opinions relating to six questions regarding the long-term use of CladT.Methods: Pertinent clinical questions were developed by a steering committee (SC) of 14 international multiple sclerosis (MS) experts regarding breakthrough DA in Year 1, new DA after 2 years or more of treatment, long-term management of stable patients, and whether additional courses of CladT may be required or safe. An SLR was performed in EMBASE and PubMed using the population, intervention, comparators, outcomes, study design (PICOS) framework to identify relevant studies within the last 15 years. Searches of key congress pro-ceedings for the last 2-3 years were also performed. Following review of the results and RWE, the SC drafted and agreed on expert opinion statements for each question. Results: A total of 35 publications reporting RWE for CladT were included in this review. In the real world, breakthrough DA in Year 1 is of low incidence (1.1-21.9%) but can occur, particularly in patients switching from anti-lymphocyte trafficking agents. In most patients, this DA did not lead to treatment discontinuation. Reported rates of DA after the full therapeutic effect of CladT has been achieved (end of Year 2, 3 or 4) range from 12.0 to 18.7% in the few studies identified. No RWE was identified to support management decisions for stable patients in Year 5 or later. Views among the group were also diverse on this question and voting on expert opinion statements was required. Only two studies reported the administration of additional courses of CladT, but detailed safety outcomes were not provided. Conclusions: RWE for the long-term use of CladT in the treatment of RMS is increasing, however, gaps in knowledge remain. Where possible, the RWE identified through the SLR informed expert statements, but, where RWE is still lacking, these were based solely on experiences and opinion, providing some guidance on topics and questions that occur in daily clinical practice. More real-world studies with longer-term follow-up periods are needed and highly anticipated." "Welfare assessment of laying hens in furnished cages and non-cage systems : assimilating expert opinion" "T. B. Rodenburg, Frank Tuyttens, K. de Reu, L. Herman, J. Zoons, B. Sonck" "It is extremely difficult to carry out an assessment of welfare in an entirely objective manner. The choice of welfare indicators, as well as the assignment of relative weightings to these indicators, both involve a certain degree of subjectivity. The aim of this study was to create a possible method of dealing with this subjectivity, using the opinions of groups of experts to increase the consensus for a protocol for the on-form assessment of laying-hen welfare. The selection of the 17 separate welfare indicators was based both on a questionnaire submitted to 18 international poultry welfare experts and on the practical feasibility of collecting the respective data during a one-day form visit. Subsequently, G second group of 13 experts was asked to assign relative weightings to the welfare indicators in this protocol. This assessment was carried out twice, once with and once without provision of detailed information on the welfare indicators. When detailed information was provided, the weightings assigned to the welfare indicators were generally lower than when no detailed information was provided. In conclusion, subjectivity regarding the choice of welfare indicators and the assignment of their relative weightings, can be dealt with and made transparent by seeking consensus among experts. Although the choice of experts, the methodology for extracting consensus data, and the nature and amount of information on the welfare indicators that should be provided, are likely to benefit from further refinement, the data presented in this study should be valuable for the development and application of formalised protocols for an integrated assessment of the welfare of laying hens, on-farm." "Expert opinion in ENT-specialty" "O Michel" "An expert opinion from the European College of Gerodontology and the European Geriatric Medicine Society : European policy recommendations on oral health in older adults" "Anastassia E Kossioni, Justyna Hajto-Bryk, Stefania Maggi, Gerry McKenna, Regina Elisabeth Roller-Wirnberger, Martin Schimmel, Marija Tamulaitienè, Jacques Vanobbergen, Frauke Müller" "The determinants of expert opinion in the development of care pathways: insights from an exploratory cluster analysis" "Ellen Coeckelberghs, Deborah Seys, Kris Vanhaecht" "BACKGROUND: We performed a secondary exploratory cluster analysis on the data collected from the validation phase of the study leading to the development of the model care pathway (CP) for Myasthenia Gravis (MG), in which a panel of 85 international experts were asked some characteristics about themselves and their opinion about the model CP. Our aim was to identify which characteristics of the experts play a role in the genesis of their opinion. METHODS: We extracted the questions probing an opinion and those describing a characteristic of the expert from the original questionnaire. We performed a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and a subsequent hierarchical clustering on principal component (HCPC) on the opinion variables, integrating the characteristic variables as supplementary (predicted). RESULTS: After reducing the dimensionality of the questionnaire to three dimensions we noticed that the not-appropriateness judgement of the clinical activities may overlap with the completeness one. From the HCPC it seems that the working setting of the expert may play a crucial role in determining the opinion about the setting of the sub-processes of MG: shifting from a cluster where the experts do not work in sub-specialist settings to one where the experts are working in them, the opinion changes accordingly from a mono-disciplinary setting to a multi-disciplinary one. Another interesting result is that the experience in neuromuscular diseases (NMD) measured in years and the expert typology (whether general neurologist or NMD expert) seem not to contribute significantly to the opinions. CONCLUSIONS: These findings might indicate a poor ability of the expert to discriminate what is not appropriate from what is not complete. Also, the opinion of the expert might be influenced by the working setting, but not by the experience in NMD (as measured in years)." "Correspondence of expert opinion with integrated Welfare Quality(r) scores of the dairy cattkle welfare assessment protocol" "Sophie de Graaf, C Winckler, M Radeski, L Mounier, M.K. Kirchner, M.J. Haskell, F.J.C.M. van Eerdenburg, A De Boyer Des Roches, S.N. Andreasen, Jo Bijttebier, Ludwig Lauwers, Wim Verbeke, Frank Tuyttens" "Recent studies have indicated that discrepancies may exist between Welfare Quality® (WQ) integrated scores and dairy cattle experts’ evaluation of herd welfare. In this study, an online survey of trained users of the WQ dairy cattle protocol (n=13–18) was conducted. The aim was to examine correspondence of expert opinion to WQ integrated scores for the dairy cattle protocol. Experts were asked to allocate criterion and overall welfare scores on a 10cm tagged visual analogue scale to 7 focal herds (5 categorized as Acceptable and 2 as Enhanced selected from a database of 491 farms in Europe). The prevalence of all welfare measures per focus herd, relative to the European database, was indicated on graphs (per criterion and for the overall welfare category separately). Correspondence between experts scores, systematic difference and correspondence between (mean) expert opinion and the WQ criterion scores were examined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), paired t-tests and linear models, respectively. Correspondence between experts was sufficient (ICC>0.6) for most criteria, but low for the criteria ‘absence of injuries’ and ‘absence of disease’. For 3 of 5 Acceptable farms and for 1 of 2 Enhanced farms, most experts indicated a lower overall welfare category than WQ. The criteria ‘absence of injuries’, ‘absence of pain induced by management procedures’, ‘expression of social behaviour’ and ‘good human-animal relationship’ were systematically scored lower than the WQ score (P" "Welfare assessment of laying hens in furnished cages and non-cage systems: assimilating expert opinion" "Bas Rodenburg, Frank Tuyttens, Koen De Reu, Lieve Herman, Johan Zoons, Bart Sonck" "It is extremely difficult to carry out an assessment of welfare in an entirely objective manner. The choice of welfare indicators, as well as the assignment of relative weightings to these indicators, both involve a certain degree of subjectivity. The aim of this study was to create a possible method of dealing with this subjectivity, using the opinions of groups of experts to increase the consensus for a protocol for the on-form assessment of laying-hen welfare. The selection of the 17 separate welfare indicators was based both on a questionnaire submitted to 18 international poultry welfare experts and on the practical feasibility of collecting the respective data during a one-day form visit. Subsequently, G second group of 13 experts was asked to assign relative weightings to the welfare indicators in this protocol. This assessment was carried out twice, once with and once without provision of detailed information on the welfare indicators. When detailed information was provided, the weightings assigned to the welfare indicators were generally lower than when no detailed information was provided. In conclusion, subjectivity regarding the choice of welfare indicators and the assignment of their relative weightings, can be dealt with and made transparent by seeking consensus among experts. Although the choice of experts, the methodology for extracting consensus data, and the nature and amount of information on the welfare indicators that should be provided, are likely to benefit from further refinement, the data presented in this study should be valuable for the development and application of formalised protocols for an integrated assessment of the welfare of laying hens, on-farm." "Elicitation of expert prior opinion : application to the MYPAN trial in childhood polyarteritis nodosa" "Lisa V Hampson, John Whitehead, Despina Eleftheriou, Catrin Tudur-Smith, Rachel Jones, David Jayne, Helen Hickey, Michael W Beresford, Claudia Bracaglia, Afonso Caldas, Rolando Cimaz, Jo Dehoorne, Pavia Dolezalova, Mark Friswell, Marija Jelusic, Stephen D Marks, Neil Martin, Anne-Marie McMahon, Joachim Peitz, Annet van Royen-Kerkhof, Oguz Soylemezoglu, Paul A Brogan" "Objectives : Definitive sample sizes for clinical trials in rare diseases are usually infeasible. Bayesian methodology can be used to maximise what is learnt from clinical trials in these circumstances. We elicited expert prior opinion for a future Bayesian randomised controlled trial for a rare inflammatory paediatric disease, polyarteritis nodosa (MYPAN, Mycophenolate mofetil for polyarteritis nodosa). Methods : A Bayesian prior elicitation meeting was convened. Opinion was sought on the probability that a patient in the MYPAN trial treated with cyclophosphamide would achieve disease remission within 6-months, and on the relative efficacies of mycophenolate mofetil and cyclophosphamide. Expert opinion was combined with previously unseen data from a recently completed randomised controlled trial in ANCA associated vasculitis. Results : A pan-European group of fifteen experts participated in the elicitation meeting. Consensus expert prior opinion was that the most likely rates of disease remission within 6 months on cyclophosphamide or mycophenolate mofetil were 74% and 71%, respectively. This prior opinion will now be taken forward and will be modified to formulate a Bayesian posterior opinion once the MYPAN trial data from 40 patients randomised 1: 1 to either CYC or MMF become available. Conclusions : We suggest that the methodological template we propose could be applied to trial design for other rare diseases."