Experimental and numerical analysis of holistic active and passive thermal management systems for electric vehicles Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Lithium-ion capacitors (LiCs) are commonly used as power sources for electric vehicles (EVs) due to the combined advantages of electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) and lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) comprising high energy density, high power density, and long lifetime. However, the performance of the LiCs is susceptible to temperature. Therefore, a robust thermal management system (TMS) is crucial for EVs to operate efficiently and safely. ...