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Driving the future: A comprehensive review of automotive battery management system technologies, and future trends Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Pegah Rahmani, Sajib Chakraborty, Omar Hegazy, Igor Mele, Tomaž Katrašnik, Stanje Bernhard, Stephan Pruefling, Steven Wilkins
To date, a variety of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) have been utilized in the EV industry, with lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries emerging as a dominant choice. Li-ion batteries have not only captured the automotive market but have also exponentially been used in stationary energy storage sectors, thanks to their extended service life, high power, and volumetric density. The surge in Li-ion battery demand, increasing by approximately 65 % ...

Lifetime powertrain optimization of a fuel cell electric truck including components’ ageing, cooling requirements and tractor packaging constraints Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Shantanu Pardhi, Reinhard Schmid, Mohamed El Baghdadi, Omar Hegazy
The current work compares numerical design optimization of a long haul fuel cell electric truck for minimizing lifetime total costs, carbon footprint and H2 consumption. Lifetime powertrain optimization considers the impact of fuel cell and battery ageing induced replacements by employing a nested co-design algorithm. The outer design layer explores possible fuel cell system, eDrive and battery dimensions with suitable power change rate limit ...

X-in-the-Loop Validation of Deep Learning-Based Virtual Sensing for Lifetime Estimation of Automotive Power Electronics Converters Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Sajib Chakraborty, Sachin Kumar Bhoi, Farzad Hosseinabadi, Pooya Davari, Frede Blaabjerg, Omar Hegazy

Health degradation issues in automotive power electronics converter (PEC) systems are present due to repetitive thermomechanical stress endured while the vehicle is in real-field operation. This stress results from heat generation, a byproduct of semiconductor operation within PECs, leading to degradation in semiconductor operating life. The best practice in academia and industry is to rely on detailed physics-of-failure (PoF)-based models ...

Efficient and Bidirectional Cascaded Auxiliary Power Module Design for Electric Trucks Using Hybrid Si, SiC, and GaN Technologies Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Ramy Kotb, Sajib Chakraborty, Omar Hegazy
In battery electric vehicles (BEVs), ensuring reliable auxiliary power is crucial for supporting essential functions such as communications, cooling systems, cabin air conditioning and emergency braking. Traditionally, 12V batteries have been widely used for auxiliary systems, but there is now a shift towards 48V systems, driven by the need for improved vehicle efficiency and enhanced performance. This transition is significant, especially for ...

A High Performance GaN Power Module with Parallel Packaging for High Current and Low Voltage Traction Inverter Applications Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Manh Tuan Tran, Dai-Duong Tran, Kritika Deepak, Gamze Egin Martin, Olcay Bay, Mohamed El Baghdadi, Omar Hegazy
Gallium nitride (GaN) power semiconductors are being explored as promising alternatives for the next generation of high-power traction inverters, suitable for both high- and low-voltage applications. In such scenarios, the peak current can reach several hundred amps. Hence, using multiple GaN HEMT chips or dies in parallel is definitely a design approach to extend power capacity and minimize power losses. However, the parallelization and ...

Intelligent data-driven condition monitoring of power electronics systems using smart edge–cloud framework Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Sachin Kumar Bhoi, Sajib Chakraborty, Boud Verbrugge, Stijn Helsen, Steven Robyns, Mohamed El Baghdadi, Omar Hegazy
The ongoing revolution in industrial production- Industry 4.0, is driven by transformative technologies such as the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), single board computers, and 5G communication. As the trend towards IIoT continues, an increasing number of industrial drive systems and their fleets are being connected to the cloud. This enables the manufacturers to perform condition monitoring (CM) and ...

Lifetime and Cost Analysis of DC-DC Solid State Transformers for Wind Applications Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Serhat Emir Ogan, Sajib Chakraborty, Thomas Geury, Omar Hegazy
Lifetime assessment of high-power solid state transformer (SST) is a challenging task due to many factors affecting their lifespan. High-power SSTs are more complex than their low-power counterparts since more components are required in their design. This adds another challenge to the lifetime assessment. In the literature, SSTs are studied but their lifetime assessment is not covered. Moreover, the relationship between lifetime and converter ...

Accelerated Lifetime Model-Based Design Optimization Strategy With Efficiency, Reliability, and Cost Trade-Off for High-Power Modular AFE Rectifiers Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Assel Zhaksylyk, Hakan Polat, Shahid Jaman, Thomas Geury, Omar Hegazy

This paper presents a design optimization for grid-connected modular Active Front-End (AFE) rectifiers with an evaluation of efficiency, lifetime, cost, volume, and weight. This tool optimizes the rectifier switching frequency, component sizing and selection, and the number of parallel converters by designing and evaluating every possible configuration of the AFE rectifier system defined by the end user. The design of the LCL filter, magnetic ...

Active Torque Control for Speed Ripple Elimination: A Mechanical Perspective Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Julien Croonen, Adrien Deraes, Jarl Beckers, Wim Devesse, Omar Hegazy, Bjorn Verrelst
Torque fluctuations in drivetrains are the result of dynamic excitations and can be unfavorable for the lifetime of the system. Passive ripple suppression methods exist, such as torsional dampers and flywheels, which are often bulky and not always desired. Alternatively, performant active control methods exist; however, their applicability to certain drivetrains is not covered. Therefore, this paper focuses on active control from a mechanical ...

A Comprehensive Overview of Reliability Assessment Strategies and Testing of Power Electronics Converters Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Farzad Hosseinabadi, Sajib Chakraborty, Sachin Kumar Bhoi, Guenter Prochart, Dino Hrvanovic, Omar Hegazy
Power electronics converters (PECs) are responsible for efficiently converting electrical energy between power generators, storage systems and power consumers/loads. The PECs are subjected to complicated power loading factors throughout their operations and, thus, are proven to have issues regarding lifetime. Therefore, according to the original equipment manufacturers and suppliers, the reliability of the PECs is a key priority in order to be ...