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Inflammatory cytokine storms severity may be fueled by interactions of micronuclei and RNA viruses such as COVID-19 virus SARS-CoV-2. A hypothesis Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Micheline Volders, Michael Fenech
In this review we bring together evidence that (i) RNA viruses are a cause of chromosomal instability and micronuclei (MN), (ii) those individuals with high levels of lymphocyte MN have a weakened immune response and are more susceptible to RNA virus infection and (iii) both RNA virus infection and MN formation can induce inflammatory cytokine production. Based on these observations we propose a hypothesis that those who harbor elevated ...

“Micronuclei and Disease” special issue: Aims, scope, and synthesis of outcomes Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Michael Fenech, Siegfried Knasmueller, Lisbeth E. Knudsen, Micheline Volders, Permal Deo, Bernhard Franzke, Helga Stopper, Maria-Grazia Andreassi, Claudia Bolognesi, Varinderpal S. Dhillon, et al.
The purpose of the “Micronuclei and Disease” special issue (SI) is to: (i) Determine the level of evidence for association of micronuclei (MN), a biomarker of numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations, with risk of specific diseases in humans; (ii) Define plausible mechanisms that explain association of MN with each disease; (iii) Identify knowledge gaps and research needed to translate MN assays into clinical practice. The “MN and ...

Micronuclei as biomarkers of DNA damage, aneuploidy, inducers of chromosomal hypermutation and as sources of pro-inflammatory DNA in humans Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Michael Fenech, Siegfried Knasmueller, Claudia Bolognesi, Nina Holland, Stefano Bonassi, Micheline Volders

Micronuclei (MNi) are among the most widely studied biomarkers of DNA damage and chromosomal instability in humans. They originate from chromosome fragments or intact chromosomes that are not included in daughter nuclei during mitosis. The main reasons for their formation are a lack of functional centromere in the chromosome fragments or whole chromosomes or defects in one or more of the proteins of the mitotic system that, consequently, ...

Micronuclei, inflammation and auto-immune disease Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Micheline Volders, Claudia Bolognesi, Marcello Ceppi, Marco Bruzzone, Michael Fenech

Auto-immune diseases (AUD) are characterized by an immune response to antigenic components of the host itself. The etiology of AUD is not well understood. The available evidence points to an interaction between genetic, epigenetic, environmental, infectious and life-style factors. AUD are more prevalent in women than in men; sex hormones play a crucial role in this sex bias. Micronuclei (MN) emerged as a new player in the induction of AUD, ...

Micronuclei and disease - Report of HUMN project workshop at Rennes 2019 EEMGS conference Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Michael Fenech, Nina Holland, Micheline Volders, Lisbeth E. Knudsen, Karl-Heinz Wagner, Helga Stopper, Siegfried Knasmueller, Claudia Bolognesi, Randa El-Zein, Stefano Bonassi, et al.

The "Micronuclei and Disease" workshop was organized by the HUMN Project consortium and hosted by the European Environmental Mutagen and Genomics Society at their annual meeting in Rennes, France, on 23 May 2019. The program of the workshop focused on addressing the emerging evidence linking micronucleus (MN) frequency to human disease. The first objective was to review what has been published and evaluate the level and quality of evidence ...

Validity of the Lymphocyte Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Assay (L-CBMN) as biomarker for human exposure to chemicals with different modes of action Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Micheline Volders, Michael Fenech, Claudia Bolognesi

Recently fourteen systematic reviews applying the same selection and evaluation criteria analyzed the induction of micronuclei in lymphocytes as biomarker for DNA damage induced by human exposure to a given chemical or chemical mixture. The results obtained in the individual reviews were summarized to evaluate the validity of the Cytokinesis-Block-Micronucleus assay in lymphocytes (L-CBMN) and propose recommendations for its use in ...

The lymphocyte cytokinesis block micronucleus test in human populations occupationally exposed to vinyl chloride Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Claudia Bolognesi, Marco Bruzzone, Marcello Ceppi, Micheline Volders

Vinyl chloride (VC) is widely used in industry in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which is used to manufacture a large variety of materials. VC was classified as a known (Group 1) human carcinogen by IARC on the basis of increased risk for liver angiosarcoma and hepatocellular cancer, and the carcinogenicity of VC was shown to be mediated by a genotoxic mechanism. Following inhalation, the compound is rapidly absorbed and ...

Molecular mechanisms by which in vivo exposure to exogenous chemical genotoxic agents can lead to micronucleus formation in lymphocytes in vivo and ex vivo in humans Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Michael Fenech, Siegfried Knasmueller, Claudia Bolognesi, Stefano Bonassi, Nina Holland, Lucia Migliore, Fabrizio Palitti, Adayapalam T Natarajan, Micheline Volders

The purpose of this review is to summarise current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms by which in vivo exposure to exogenous chemical genotoxins in humans induces micronuclei (MNi) and other nuclear anomalies in lymphocytes in vivo and ex vivo after nuclear division in vitro. MNi originate from acentric chromosome fragments and/or whole chromosomes that are unable to engage with the mitotic spindle and/or fail to segregate properly to the ...