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Picrasma quassioides leaves: Insights from chemical profiling and bioactivity comparison with stems. KU Leuven

Walter Luyten
BACKGROUND: In Chinese Pharmacopeia, Picrasma quassioides (PQ) stems and leaves are recorded as Kumu with antimicrobial, anti-cancer, anti-parasitic effects, etc. However, thick stems are predominantly utilized as medicine in many Asian countries, with leaves rarely used. By now, the phytochemistry and bioactivity of PQ leaves are not well investigated. METHODS: An Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer was employed to comprehensively investigate PQ ...

Role of glycosylation in the immunogenicity of the nematode specific activation-associated secreted proteins (ASPs) and its implication in vaccine efficacy Universiteit Gent

Laurens Zwanenburg
The first chapter of this doctoral thesis provides an introduction to Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora, two gastrointestinal nematodes that hold significant economic importance in the cattle industry. Nearly every animal is either infected or at risk of being infected and thus these parasites pose a risk to animal health, welfare, and, in the case of farm animals, productivity. The primary approach to control these nematode infections ...

To treat or not to treat : diagnostic thresholds in subclinical helminth infections of cattle Universiteit Gent

Johannes Charlier, Diana J. Williams, Nadine Ravinet, Edwin Claerebout
Helminth infections of cattle place significant burdens on livestock production and farm economic efficiency. Heavy infections are relatively easy to detect and treat with anthelmintics. However, subclinical infections have major but often hidden impacts on animals, necessitating more refined diagnostics to detect them and ideally inform farmers about the likely impact of anthelmintic treatment on animal and herd performance. Here, we review ...

Ascaridia galli : an old problem that requires new solutions Universiteit Gent

Johan Hoglund, Gurbuz Das, Behdad Tarbiat, Peter Geldhof, Desiree S. Jansson, Matthias Gauly
Reports of Ascaridia galli in laying hens in Europe have increased since the ban on conventional battery cages in 2012. As this parasite is transmitted directly via the faecal-oral route by parasite eggs containing a larva, it is reasonable to assume that the escalating problem is related to the increased exposure now occurring in modern welfare-friendly cage-free housing systems. On many farms, A. galli reappears in subsequent flocks, even ...

Benzimidazole resistance in cattle : the first report of the presence of F200Y mutation in cooperia in Ecuador Universiteit Gent

Pamela Vinueza Veloz, Marlon Calispa, Luis Condolo, Paula Toalombo, Peter Geldhof
Simple Summary Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections constitute a serious threat to the cattle industry, and anthelmintics have been widely used to control them. As a result, resistance to broad-spectrum drugs is now a worldwide issue. In the present study, we evaluated the resistance status of GINs to fenbendazole (FBZ) in cattle of an Ecuadorian farm with a known history of broad-spectrum anthelmintic usage. We found that the GIN ...

World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (W.A.A.V.P.) guideline for diagnosing anthelmintic resistance using the faecal egg count reduction test in ruminants, horses and swine Universiteit Gent

Ray M. Kaplan, Matthew J. Denwood, Martin K. Nielsen, Stig M. Thamsborg, Paul R. Torgerson, John S. Gilleard, Robert J. Dobson, Jozef Vercruysse, Bruno Levecke
The faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) remains the method of choice for establishing the efficacy of anthelmintic compounds in the field, including the diagnosis of anthelmintic resistance. We present a guideline for improving the standardization and performance of the FECRT that has four sections. In the first section, we address the major issues relevant to experimental design, choice of faecal egg count (FEC) method, statistical ...

A statistical framework for calculating prospective sample sizes and classifying efficacy results for faecal egg count reduction tests in ruminants, horses and swine Universiteit Gent

Matthew J. Denwood, Ray M. Kaplan, Iain J. McKendrick, Stig M. Thamsborg, Martin K. Nielsen, Bruno Levecke
The faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) is the primary diagnostic tool used for detecting anthelmintic resistance at the farm level. It is therefore extremely important that the experimental design of a FECRT and the susceptibility classification of the result use standardised and statistically rigorous methods. Several different approaches for improving the analysis of FECRT data have been proposed, but little work has been published on how ...

Report of three patients with extensive neurocysticercosis in rural southern Tanzania: neurological, serological and neuroradiological findings Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde Universiteit Gent

Dominik Stelzle, Charles Makasi, Tamara M Welte, Charlotte Ruether, Veronika Schmidt, Sarah Gabriël, Emmanuel Bottieau, Agnès Fleury, Bernard J Ngowi, Andrea S Winkler, et al.

BACKGROUND: Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is common in eastern Africa, but disease presentation varies considerably. Most patients have single or few NCC-typical lesions in their brain but some present with a large number of lesions. We present three patients with positive antibody-based serology for Taenia solium cysticercosis screened at the Vwawa district hospital, Mbozi district, southern Tanzania, in whom extensive NCC was confirmed by ...

Efficacy and safety of antiparasitic therapy for neurocysticercosis in rural Tanzania: a prospective cohort study Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde Universiteit Gent

Dominik Stelzle, Charles Makasi, Veronika Schmidt, Chiara Trevisan, I. Van Damme, Charlotte Ruether, Pierre Dorny, P Magnussen, G. Zulu, Kabemba E Mwape, et al.

PURPOSE: Neurocysticercosis is common in regions endemic for Taenia solium. Active-stage neurocysticercosis can be treated with antiparasitic medication, but so far no study on efficacy and safety has been conducted in Africa.

METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study on treatment of neurocysticercosis in Tanzania between August 2018 and January 2022. Patients were initially treated with albendazole (15 mg/kg/d) for 10 days and ...