Occupational cadmium exposure and calcium excretion, bone density and osteoporosis in men. Universiteit Hasselt KU Leuven
BACKGROUND: Exposure to cadmium has been associated with osteoporosis and fracture risk in women and in elderly, but studies in middle-aged men are lacking. METHODS: In 83 male (ex-)workers [mean age 45 y (range: 24-64)] of a radiator factory using cadmium-containing solder, we investigated the association between urinary cadmium excretion (as an index of lifetime body-burden), bone mineral density (BMD) in distal forearm, hip and lumbar spine ...