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Combinations of griffithsin with other carbohydrate-binding agents demonstrate superior activity against HIV type 1, HIV type 2, and selected carbohydrate-binding agent-resistant HIV type 1 strains KU Leuven

Geoffrey Férir, Dana Huskens, Jan Balzarini, Dominique Schols
Abstract Carbohydrate-binding agents (CBAs) are potential HIV microbicidal agents with a high genetic barrier to resistance. We wanted to evaluate whether two mannose-specific CBAs, recognizing multiple and often distinct glycan structures on the HIV envelope gp120, can interact synergistically against HIV-1, HIV-2, and HIV-1 strains that were selected for resistance against particular CBAs [i.e., 2G12 mAb and microvirin (MVN)]. Paired CBA/CBA ...

Analysis of trans-dominant mutants of the HIV type 1 Rev protein for their ability to inhibit Rev function, HIV type 1 replication, and their use as anti-HIV gene therapeutics Vrije Universiteit Brussel

J A Ragheb, P BRESSLER, M DAUCHER, L Chiang, Marinee Chuah, Thierry VandenDriessche, Richard A Morgan

The HIV-1 rev gene product facilitates the transport of singly spliced and unspliced HIV-1 transcripts and is necessary for productive HIV-1 infection. On the basis of the previously described trans-dominant Rev mutant M10, four point mutants and one frameshift mutant of the Rev protein were constructed. The mutants were inserted into retroviral expression vectors and analyzed for their ability to inhibit Rev-mediated gene expression. ...

The neutralization relationship of HIV type 1, HIV type 2, and SIVcpz is reflected in the genetic diversity that distinguishes them Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

PN Nyambi, B Willems, W Janssens, K Fransen, J Nkengasong, M Peeters, Katleen Vereecken, Leo Heyndrickx, P. Piot, G van der Groen, et al.
Neutralizing antibody (NA) patterns in the sera of individuals naturally infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1, HIV-2, and the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVcpz) to their homologous and heterologous isolates were determined in a peripheral blood mononuclear cell-based neutralization assay. We examined the role of the V3 loop of HIV-1 and SIVcpz in neutralization and the cross-reactivities among them. Cross-neutralization by ...

Longitudinal genetic characterization reveals that Cell Proliferation Maintains a Persistent HIV Type 1 DNA Pool During Effective HIV Therapy KU Leuven

Philippe Lemey
The stability of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reservoir and the contribution of cellular proliferation to the maintenance of the reservoir during treatment are uncertain. Therefore, we conducted a longitudinal analysis of HIV-1 in T-cell subsets in different tissue compartments from subjects receiving effective antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Differential diagnosis of HIV type 1 group O and M infection by polymerase chain reaction and PstI restriction analysis of the pol gene fragments Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

Leo Heyndrickx, W Janssens, L Gürtler, L Zekeng, I Loussert-Ajaka, Katleen Vereecken, B Willems, Sandra Coppens, P. Ndumbe, K Fransen, et al.
HIV-1 group O serological screening or confirmation strategies so far have not proved 100% sensitive and specific, indicating a lack of antibody reactivity or cross-reactivity with group O antigens. Therefore, genetic analysis currently represents the only method by which confirm presumed HIV-1 group O or group O/M infections. We have optimized the sensitivity (100%) and specificity (100%) of an HIV-1 group O/M-specific PCR of a pol gene ...

Positive association between beta-chemokine-producing T cells and HIV type 1 viral load in HIV-infected subjects in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

Wim Jennes, S Sawadogo, S Koblavi-Dème, Bea Vuylsteke, C Maurice, TH Roels, T Chorba, JN Nkengasong, Luc Kestens
The role of beta-chemokines in controlling HIV replication in vivo is still controversial. Therefore, the association between HIV-1 plasma viral load and the capacity of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells to produce beta-chemokines was studied in 28 antiretroviral drug-naïve HIV-1-infected female sex workers in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Percentages of beta-chemokine-positive T cells were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by flow cytometry ...