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Disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis resembling post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovani in three patients co-infected with visceral leishmaniasis and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Ethio Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

T Gelanew, Z Hurissa, Ermias Diro, A Kassahun, K Kuhls, G. Schönian, A. Hailu
We report paired strains of Leishmania parasites, one from the viscera and the other from skin lesions that were isolated from three patients with visceral leishmaniasis and disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis that were co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus. The causative parasites were characterized by polymerase chain reaction-restriction length polymorphism of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer 1 and by a panel of ...

Visceral leishmaniasis IgG1 rapid monitoring of cure vs. relapse, and potential for diagnosis of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde Universiteit Antwerpen Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Tegwen Marlais, Tapan Bhattacharyya, Om Prakash Singh, Pascal Mertens, Quentin Gilleman, Caroline Thunissen, Bruno C Bremer Hinckel, Callum Pearson, Bathsheba L. Gardner, Stephanie Airs, et al.

Background: There is a recognized need for an improved diagnostic test to assess post-chemotherapeutic treatment outcome in visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and to diagnose post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL). We previously demonstrated by ELISA and a prototype novel rapid diagnostic test (RDT), that high anti-Leishmania IgG1 is associated with post-treatment relapse versus cure in VL.

Methodology: Here, we further evaluate this ...

Epidemiological study of canine leishmaniasis in Algeria and its impact on the human visceral leishmaniasis Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

Amal Adel
Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL), caused by Leishmania infantum is a vector-borne disease, transmitted to humans by the bite of infected female phlebotomine sand flies. In absence of treatment the outcome is death. The disease is characterised by irregular fever bouts, loss of weight, hepatosplenomegaly and anaemia. It is endemic in the Indian sub-continent and in East Africa. In the Mediterranean region, it is present in rural areas, in ...

Drug susceptibility in Leishmania isolates following miltefosine treatment in cases of visceral leishmaniasis and post Kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis Universiteit Antwerpen

Vasundhra Bjandari, Arpita Kulshrestha, Deepak Kumar Deep, Olivia Stark, Vijay Kumar Prajapati, V. Ramesh, Shyam Sundar, Gabriele Schonian, Jean-Claude Dujardin, Poonam Salotra, et al.
Background With widespread resistance to antimonials in Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) in the Indian subcontinent, Miltefosine (MIL) has been introduced as the first line therapy. Surveillance of MIL susceptibility in natural populations of Leishmania donovani is vital to preserve it and support the VL elimination program. Methodology and Principal Findings We measured in vitro susceptibility towards MIL and paromomycin (PMM) in L. donovani ...

Drug resistance and treatment failure in leishmaniasis Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde Universiteit Antwerpen

Alicia Ponte-Sucre, Francisco Gamarro, JC Dujardin, Michael P Barrett, Rogelio Lopez-Velez, Raquel García-Hernández, Andrew W Pountain, Roy Mwenechanya, Barbara Papadopoulou

Reevaluation of treatment guidelines for Old and New World leishmaniasis is urgently needed on a global basis because treatment failure is an increasing problem. Drug resistance is a fundamental determinant of treatment failure, although other factors also contribute to this phenomenon, including the global HIV/AIDS epidemic with its accompanying impact on the immune system. Pentavalent antimonials have been used successfully worldwide for ...