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The abundance and distribution of sandflies (with emphasis on Phlebotomus pedifer) (Diptera: Psychodidae) along the altitudinal gradient in Kindo Didaye district, Wolaita Zone, South Ethiopia Universiteit Antwerpen

Bereket Arba, Negese Koroto, Temesgen Tomas, Teshome Matusala, Aberham Megaze, Herwig Leirs
Understanding the distribution patterns of medically significant sandflies is crucial for effective vector and disease control planning. This study focused on investigating the abundance and distribution of phlebotomine sandflies, specifically emphasizing Phlebotomus pedifer (Diptera: Psychodidae), the vector of Leishmania aethiopica responsible for cutaneous leishmaniasis in the highlands of southern Ethiopia. The study employed CDC light traps ...

Ecology and seasonality of sandflies and potential reservoirs of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ochollo, a hotspot in southern Ethiopia Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde Universiteit Antwerpen

Myrthe Pareyn, Emma Van den Bosch, Nigatu Girma, Natalie van Houtte, Stefan Van Dongen, Gert Van der Auwera, Fekadu Massebo, Simon Shibru, Herwig Leirs

Background: Ochollo is a village in southern Ethiopia burdened with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), where Phlebotomus pedifer is the only vector for Leishmania aethiopica and hyraxes are confirmed reservoir hosts. A detailed description of the different players of transmission, and the ecology and seasonality of the vector needs to be established in order to accomplish efficient control programs.

Methods and findings: Between ...

Biotic interactions influence sediment erodibility on wave exposed sandflats Universiteit Gent

Rachel J Harris, Conrad A Pilditch, Judi E Hewitt, Andrew M Lohrer, Carl Van Colen, Michael Townsend, Simon F Thrush
Biological activities in marine soft-sediments can modify the sedimentary environment through processes that change erosion rates. In low-energy environments, bioturbating macrofauna destabilizes sediments while microbes bind sediments and stabilize them. The degree to which these counter-acting processes influence sediment movement in a physically dynamic environment has not been well quantified. In a field experiment, we established 56 (1 ...

Application of molecular techniques in the study of natural infection of Leishmania infantum vectors and utility of sandfly blood meal digestion for epidemiological surveys of leishmaniasis Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

M.M. Alcover, M. Gramiccia, T. Di Muccio, C. Ballart, S. Castillejo, Albert Picado De Puig, M. Portús, M. Gállego
Epidemiological studies on the distribution of leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum Nicolle, 1908 (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) have been based principally on serological surveys of the canine reservoir. This methodology is useful due to the facility of sampling, the rapidity in obtaining results, its consistency and because it allows the detection of heterogeneous foci of canine leishmaniasis (CanL) even in small areas. Other ...

Genome-wide SNP and microsatellite variation illuminate population-level epidemiology in the Leishmania donovani species complex Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

T. Downing, O. Stark, Manu Vanaerschot, Hideo Imamura, M Sanders, Saskia Decuypere, Simonne De Doncker, Ilse Maes, Suman Rijal, Shyam Sundar, et al.
The species of the Leishmania donovani species complex cause visceral leishmaniasis, a debilitating infectious disease transmitted by sandflies. Understanding molecular changes associated with population structure in these parasites can help unravel their epidemiology and spread in humans. In this study, we used a panel of standard microsatellite loci and genome-wide SNPs to investigate population-level diversity in L. donovani strains recently ...

High-resolution habitat suitability model for Phlebotomus pedifer, the vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis in southwestern Ethiopia Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde Universiteit Antwerpen

Myrthe Pareyn, Anneleen Rutten, Behailu Merdekios, Ronja E. M. Wedegartner, Nigatu Girma, Leo Regelbrugge, Simon Shibru, Herwig Leirs

Background: Phlebotomus pediferis the vector forLeishmania aethiopicacausing cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in southwestern Ethiopia. Previous research on the transmission dynamics of CL resulted in recommendations for vector control. In order to target these interventions towards affected areas, a comprehensive understanding of the spatial distribution ofP. pediferat high spatial resolution is required. Therefore, this study determined the ...

First survey on canine leishmaniasis in a non classical area of the disease in Spain (Lleida, Catalonia) based on a veterinary questionnaire and a cross-sectional study Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

C. Ballart, M.M. Alcover, Albert Picado De Puig, J. Nieto, S. Castillejo, M. Portús, M. Gállego
The Spanish distribution of canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is heterogeneous and very few data are available for the north of the country, including the province of Lleida (Catalonia, Spain). This work describes the results obtained from a questionnaire sent to veterinarians throughout the province of Lleida. The majority of veterinarians (25/32, 78.1%) believed CanL cases were increasing and that the dogs had been infected locally (30/32, 93.8%). ...

Village health workers in Bihar, India: an untapped resource in the struggle against kala-azar Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

P. Malaviya, Epco Hasker, R.P. Singh, Jean-Pierre Van Geertruyden, Marleen Boelaert, Shyam Sundar
INTRODUCTION: In 2005 a visceral leishmaniasis (VL) elimination initiative was launched on the Indian subcontinent; important components of early case finding and treatment are entrusted to the primary health care system (PHC). In an earlier study in Bihar, India, we discovered some major shortcomings in implementation, in particular related to monitoring of treatment and treatment outcomes. These shortcomings could be addressed through ...