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First record of the West Nile virus bridge vector Culex modestus Ficalbi (Diptera: Culicidae) in Belgium, validated by DNA barcoding Universiteit Gent Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde Universiteit Antwerpen

Katrien De Wolf, Ann Vanderheyden, Isra Deblauwe, Nathalie Smitz, Sophie Gombeer, Adwine Vanslembrouck, Kenny Meganck, Wouter Dekoninck, Marc De Meyer, Thierry Backeljau, et al.
A thorough knowledge of the presence and spatio-temporal distribution patterns of vector species are pivotal to assess the risk of mosquito-borne diseases in Europe. In 2018, a Culex larva was collected during routine monitoring activities to intercept exotic Aedes mosquito species in the port of Antwerp (Kallo, Belgium). The larva, collected from a pond in mid-September, was morphologically identified as Culex modestus, and this identification ...

Rift Valley fever virus and European mosquitoes: vector competence of Culex pipiens and Stegomyia albopicta (= Aedes albopictus) Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

Marco Brustolin, Sandra Gómez-Talavera, A. Nuñez Fidel, C Santamaría, R Rivas, N Pujol, MT Del Valle, M Verdún, A Brun, N Pagès, et al.

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne disease caused by the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV). Rift Valley fever affects a large number of species, including human, and has severe impact on public health and the economy, especially in African countries. The present study examined the vector competence of three different European mosquito species, Culex pipiens (Linnaeus, 1758) form molestus (Diptera: Culicidae), Culex pipiens hybrid form ...

Integrating Vector Competence, Mosquito Colonies, and Antiviral Drugs in Arbovirus Research KU Leuven

Alina Soto Carson
Arthropod-borne viruses, or arboviruses, are transmitted by mosquitoes and other arthropod vectors. Researching arboviruses and vectorial transmission is crucial due to the significant human and animal health impacts caused by viruses such as West Nile virus, Usutu virus, yellow fever virus, and chikungunya virus. Researchers study the virus life cycle, transmission dynamics, and interactions between the virus, vector, and host. Advances in this ...

High dispersal capacity of Culicoides obsoletus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), vector of bluetongue and Schmallenberg viruses, revealed by landscape genetic analyses KU Leuven

Simon Dellicour
BACKGROUND: In the last two decades, recurrent epizootics of bluetongue virus and Schmallenberg virus have been reported in the western Palearctic region. These viruses affect domestic cattle, sheep, goats and wild ruminants and are transmitted by native hematophagous midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Culicoides dispersal is known to be stratified, i.e. due to a combination of dispersal processes occurring actively at ...

Belgian Culex pipiens pipiens are competent vectors for West Nile virus while Culex modestus are competent vectors for Usutu virus KU Leuven

Lander De Coninck, Jelle Matthijnssens, Leen Delang
BACKGROUND: West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) are emerging arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) in Europe transmitted by Culex mosquitoes. In Belgium, it is currently unknown which Culex species are competent vectors for WNV or USUV and if these mosquitoes carry Wolbachia, an endosymbiotic bacterium that can block arbovirus transmission. The aims of our study were to measure the vector competence of Belgian Culex mosquitoes to WNV ...

Novel genome sequences of cell-fusing agent virus allow comparison of virus phylogeny with the genetic structure of Aedes aegypti populations KU Leuven

Sebastian Lequime, Jelle Matthijnssens
Flaviviruses encompass not only medically relevant arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) but also insect-specific flaviviruses (ISFs) that are presumably maintained primarily through vertical transmission in the insect host. Interestingly, ISFs are commonly found infecting important arbovirus vectors such as the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Cell-fusing agent virus (CFAV) was the first described ISF of mosquitoes more than four decades ago. Despite ...

A virus becomes a global concern: research activities on West-Nile virus Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

Doris Klingelhofer, Markus Braun, Friederike Reuss, Ruth Müller, David Alexander Groneberg, Doerthe Brueggmann
Currently, West-Nile virus (WNV) is spreading worldwide to colder regions due to climate change. Human mortality and morbidity are prevalent and steadily increasing, associated with costs to public health systems. Therefore, the question of the impact of scientific engagement arises. What trends, barriers, and incentives for research related to global burdens are important in this context? To answer these questions, this study provides detailed ...

Impact of human interventions on the spread of bluetongue virus serotype 8 during the 2006 epidemic in North-Western Europe Universiteit Hasselt

K. Mintiens, Estelle Meroc, Christel FAES, Jose CORTINAS ABRAHANTES, G. Hendrickx, C. Staubach, G. Gerbier, A.R.W. Elbers, Marc AERTS, K. De Clercq, et al.
Bluetongue virus (BTV) can be spread by movement or migration of infected ruminants. Infected midges (Culicoides sp.) can be dispersed with livestock or on the wind. Transmissions of infection from host to host by semen and trans-placental infection of the embryo from the dam have been found. As for any infectious animal disease, the spread of BTV can be heavily influenced by human interventions preventing or facilitating the transmission ...

Flavivirus antibodies reactive to Zika virus detected in multiple species of nonhuman primates in Kenya, 2008-2017 Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

Albina Makio, Peris Ambala, Hastings Ozwara, Peninah Munyua, Elizabeth Hunsperger

Background: Zika virus (ZIKV), first described in 1947, is an arthropod-borne virus associated with sporadic outbreaks and interepidemic transmission. Recent studies have implicated nonhuman primates (NHPs) as the probable reservoir hosts. We tested archived serum samples of NHPs collected in Kenya for evidence of neutralizing ZIKV antibodies. 

Methods: We randomly selected 212 archived serum samples from Institute of Primate ...

Threats of Zika virus transmission for Asia and its Hindu-Kush Himalayan region Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

Meghnath Dhimal, Sushma Dahal, Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal, Shiva Raj Mishra, Khem B Karki, Krishna Kumar Aryal, Ubydul Haque, Md Iqbal Kabir, Pradeep Guin, Azeem Mehmood Butt, et al.

Asia and its Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region is particularly vulnerable to environmental change, especially climate and land use changes further influenced by rapid population growth, high level of poverty and unsustainable development. Asia has been a hotspot of dengue fever and chikungunya mainly due to its dense human population, unplanned urbanization and poverty. In an urban cycle, dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are ...