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Equilibrium or Non-Equilibrium - Implications for the Performance of Organic Solar Cells Universiteit Hasselt
With power conversion efficiencies approaching 20%, organic solar cells can no longer be considered the ugly duckling of photovoltaics. Successes notwithstanding, there is still a need for further improvement of organic solar cells, both regarding energy and current management in these devices. At present, there are different and mutually exclusive interpretation schemes for the associated losses of energy and charge, hampering the rational ...
Wall ablation of heated compound-materials into non-equilibrium discharge plasmas Universiteit Antwerpen
The discharge properties of the plasma bulk flow near the surface of heated compound-materials strongly affects the kinetic layer parameters modeled and manifested in the Knudsen layer. This paper extends the widely used two-layer kinetic ablation model to the ablation controlled non-equilibrium discharge due to the fact that the local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) approximation is often violated as a result of the interaction between the ...
Optimization of a partially evaporating Organic Rankine Cycle with thermal non-equilibrium expansion Universiteit Gent
The Trilateral Flash Cycle (TFC) is an alternative to the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). The TFC have been shown to have greater exergy efficiencies compared to the ORC in low-grade heat-to-power conversion. This is a result of the more efficient heat transfer from the heat carrier to the working fluid, even though the TFC has inherently a lower thermal efficiency. However, these results are based on cycle modeling assuming equilibrium conditions, ...
Equilibrium or Non-Equilibrium - Implications for the Performance of Organic Solar Cells Interuniversitair Micro-Electronica Centrum vzw Universiteit Hasselt
With power conversion efficiencies approaching 20%, organic solar cells can no longer be considered the ugly duckling of photovoltaics. Successes notwithstanding, there is still a need for further improvement of organic solar cells, both regarding energy and current management in these devices. At present, there are different and mutually exclusive interpretation schemes for the associated losses of energy and charge, hampering the rational ...
Detection of "parent" molecules from the inner wind of AGB stars as tracers of non-equilibrium chemistry KU Leuven
Context. Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars are typified by strong dust-driven, molecular outflows. For long, it was believed that the molecular content of the circumstellar envelope of AGB stars is primarily determined by the atmospheric C/O ratio. However, recent observations of molecules such as HCN, SiO, and SO reveal gas-phase abundances higher than predicted by thermodynamic equilibrium (TE) models. UV-photon initiated dissociation in the ...
Stochastic thermodynamics of collisional thermal machines and phase transition Universiteit Hasselt
Non-equilibrium thermodynamics has become one of the main areas of modern statistical mechanics and presenting several applications, such as in phase transitions, biological systems, chemical reactions, engineered systems and others. In the context of small-sized systems (nanometric scale) stochastic thermodynamics was developed and describes energy transformations from the framework of Markov process, hence constituting a relevant toolbox in ...
Equilibrium relationships for non-equilibrium chemical dependencies Universiteit Gent
Energetics of a microscopic Feynman ratchet Universiteit Hasselt
A general formalism is derived describing both dynamical and energetic properties of a microscopic Feynman ratchet. Work and heat flows are given as a series expansion in the thermodynamic forces, obtaining analytical expressions for the (non)linear response coefficients. Our results extend previously obtained expressions in the context of a chiral heat pump.
Determining the effects of clumping and porosity on the chemistry in a non-uniform AGB outflow KU Leuven
© ESO 2018 Context. In the inner regions of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) outflows, several molecules have been detected with abundances much higher than those predicted from thermodynamic equilibrium chemical models. The presence of the majority of these species can be explained by shock-induced non-equilibrium chemical models, where shocks caused by the pulsating star take the chemistry out of equilibrium in the inner region. Moreover, a ...