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Half of rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolated from tuberculosis patients in Sub-Saharan Africa have concomitant resistance to pyrazinamide Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde Universiteit Antwerpen

Semuto Jean-Claude Ngabonziza, Awa Ba Diallo, Elisa Tagliani, Bassirou Diarra, Abalo Essosimna Kadanga, Antieme Combo George Togo, Aliou Thiam, Pim De Rijk, Riccardo Alagna, Sabine Houeto, et al.

Background

Besides inclusion in 1st line regimens against tuberculosis (TB), pyrazinamide (PZA) is used in 2nd line anti-TB regimens, including in the short regimen for multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) patients. Guidelines and expert opinions are contradictory about inclusion of PZA in case of resistance. Moreover, drug susceptibility testing (DST) for PZA is not often applied in routine testing, and the prevalence of resistance is ...

Bridging the TB data gap: in silico extraction of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis diagnostic test results from whole genome sequence data Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

Kamela Charmaine Sy Ng, Jean Claude Semuto Ngabonziza, Pauline Lempens, Bouke de Jong, Frank Van Leth, Conor Meehan

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are widely employed in routine laboratories and national surveys for detection of rifampicin-resistant (RR)-TB. However, as next-generation sequencing technologies have become more commonplace in research and surveillance programs, RDTs are being increasingly complemented by whole genome sequencing (WGS). While comparison between RDTs is difficult, all RDT results can be ...

Fluorescein diacetate vital staining allows earlier diagnosis of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

Armand Van Deun, A.K.J. Maug, A Hossain, Mourad Gumusboga, Bouke de Jong
SETTING: Damien Foundation Project, Bangladesh. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate sputum smear fluorescein diacetate (FDA) vital staining to predict culture-defined failure and rifampicin (RMP) resistance. DESIGN: A retrospective, operational study. RESULTS: A total of 1633 episodes of auramine smear-defined late conversion and failure could be evaluated (respectively 640 and 584 on first treatment and 185 and 224 on retreatment). Negative FDA was 95% ...

Safety of high-dose amikacin in the first week of all-oral rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis treatment for the prevention of acquired resistance (STAKE): protocol for a single-arm clinical trial Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

Jihad Snobre, J Gasana, Jean Claude Semuto Ngabonziza, Isabel Cuella Martin, Leen Rigouts, Bart K Jacobs, Emeline de Viron, Natacha Herssens, JB Ntihumby, A Klibazayre, et al.
Introduction:
An effective rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) treatment regimen should include prevention of resistance amplification. While bedaquiline (BDQ) has been recommended in all-oral RR-TB treatment regimen since 2019, resistance is rising at alarming rates. This may be due to BDQ’s delayed bactericidal effect, which increases the risk of selecting for resistance to fluoroquinolones and/or BDQ in the first week of treatment ...

Effectiveness and safety of bedaquiline-based, modified all-oral 9-11-month treatment regimen for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in Vietnam Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

Thi Mai Phuong Nguyen, THM Le, Corinne Simone Collette Merle, D Pedrazzoli, NL Nguyen, Tom Decroo, BH Nguyen, TTT Hoang, VN Nguyen
Objectives
World Health Organization recommends a 7-drug 9–11-month rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) short treatment regimen (STR). To reduce the pill burden, we assessed the safety and effectiveness of a 5-drug 9–11-month modified STR (mSTR).

Methods
Prospective cohort study of an all-oral mSTR (comprising bedaquiline, levofloxacin, linezolid [LZD], clofazimine, and/or pyrazinamide) for patients with RR-TB without ...

Course of adverse events during short treatment regimen in patients with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in Burundi Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

Francois Ciza, Tinne Gils, Michel Sawadogo, Tom Decroo, Alberto Roggi, Alberto Piubello, Nimer Ortuno Gutierrez

The introduction of the nine-month short-treatment regimen (STR) has drastically improved outcomes of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) treatment. Adverse events (AE) commonly occur, including injectable-induced hearing loss. In Burundi we retrospectively assessed the frequency of adverse events and treatment modifications in all patients who initiated the STR between 2013-2017. Among 225 included patients, 93% were successfully ...

Multicentre study of nitrate reductase assay for rapid detection of rifampicin-resistant M. tuberculosis Universiteit Gent

ML Shikama, R Ferro e Silva, G Villela, DN Sato, MC Martins, CMS Giampaglia, RFAM da Silva, P Ferro e Silva, MA da Silva Telles, Anandi Martin, et al.
SETTING: Four regional laboratories belonging to the Mycobacteria Reference Laboratory of Sao Paulo State, Brazil.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the nitrate reductase assay (NRA) for rifampicin (RMP) susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis directly from clinical sputum samples of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB).DESIGN: Performance of the NRA for detection of M. tuberculosis susceptibility to RMP was evaluated with 210 clinical ...

Safety, effectiveness, and adherence of a short and all-oral treatment regimen for the treatment of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in Niger: a study protocol of a pragmatic randomised clinical trial with stratified block randomisation Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

Mahamadou Bassirou Souleymane, Tom Decroo, Alphazazi Soumana, Ibrahim Maman Lawan, Assiatou Gagara-Issoufou, Souleymane Halidou-Moussa, Nimer Ortuno Gutierrez, Eric Adehossi, Saidou Mamadou, Armand Van Deun, et al.

BackgroundRifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) treatment requires combination treatment, which frequently causes serious adverse events and globally results in not much more than 60% treatment success. In Niger, a high cure rate was obtained with a RR-TB treatment strategy based on a second-line injectable drug (SLID)-containing Short Treatment Regimen (STR), with linezolid replacing the SLID in patients with ototoxicity. Given the ...