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Tissue engineering of skeletal muscle, tendons and nerves : a review of manufacturing strategies to meet structural and functional requirements Universiteit Gent

Nele Pien, H. Krzyslak, Shraavya Shastry Kallaje, Joeri Van Meerssche, D. Mantovani, Catharina De Schauwer, Peter Dubruel, Sandra Van Vlierberghe, C.P. Pennisi
Additive manufacturing technologies have become at the forefront in tissue engineering, enabling the fabrication of complex tissues with intricate geometries that were not feasible using conventional manufacturing techniques. Due to the rapid progress in this field, it has become difficult not only to choose the most appropriate method, but also the optimal material, biological model (i.e., cells and bioactive compounds), and processing ...

Skeletal muscle capillary density and microvascular function are compromised with aging and type 2 diabetes Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Bart B L Groen, Henrike M Hamer, Janneau van Kranenburg, Dionne Frijns, Hans Vink, Luc J C van Loon

Adequate muscle perfusion is required for the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass. Impairments in microvascular structure and/or function with aging and type 2 diabetes have been associated with the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass. Our objective was to compare muscle fiber type specific capillary density and endothelial function between healthy young men, healthy older men, and age-matched type 2 diabetes patients. Fifteen healthy ...

Twist2-expressing cells reside in human skeletal muscle and are responsive to aging and resistance exercise training Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Nick Gaulton, Griffen Wakelin, Laura V Young, Scott Wotherspoon, Michael Kamal, Gianni Parise, Joshua P Nederveen, Andy M Holwerda, Lex B Verdijk, Luc J C van Loon, et al.

Skeletal muscle is maintained and repaired by sub-laminar, Pax7-expressing satellite cells. However, recent mouse investigations have described a second myogenic progenitor population that resides within the myofiber interstitium and expresses the transcription factor Twist2. Twist2-expressing cells exclusively repair and maintain type IIx/b muscle fibers. Currently, it is unknown if Twist2-expressing cells are present in human skeletal ...

Carnosine and skeletal muscle dysfunction in a rodent multiple sclerosis model Universiteit Hasselt Universiteit Gent

Jan SPAAS, Pieter VAN NOTEN, Charly KEYTSMAN, Ine NIESTE, Bert OP 'T EIJNDE
Muscle weakness and fatigue are primary manifestations of multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic disease of the central nervous system. Interventions that enhance muscle function may improve overall physical well-being of MS patients. Recently, we described that levels of carnosine, an endogenous muscle dipeptide involved in contractile function and fatigue-resistance, are reduced in muscle tissue from MS patients and a monophasic rodent MS model ...

Sarcopenia, Obesity, and Sarcopenic Obesity: Relationship with Skeletal Muscle Phenotypes and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms KU Leuven

Martine Thomis
Obesity may aggravate the effects of sarcopenia on skeletal muscle structure and function in the elderly, but no study has attempted to identify the gene variants associated with sarcopenia in obese women. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to: (1) describe neuromuscular function in sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic women with or without obesity; (2) identify gene variants associated with sarcopenia in older obese women. In 307 Caucasian ...

Androgen action on skeletal muscle and glucose homeostasis KU Leuven

Vanessa Dubois
Androgens are steroid hormones which are, in men, secreted predominantly by the testes. The major gonadal androgen is testosterone (T). In peripheral tissues, T can be converted by 5α-reductase enzymes into the more potent androgen 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which, like T, activates the androgen receptor (AR). In addition, the aromatase enzyme complex can convert T into 17β-estradiol (E2), which activates the estrogen receptors α and β ...

Nitric oxide regulates skeletal muscle fatigue, fiber type, microtubule organization, and mitochondrial ATP synthesis efficiency through cGMP-dependent mechanisms Universiteit Gent

Younghye Moon, Jordan E Balke, Derik Madorma, Michael P Siegel, Gary Knowels, Peter Brouckaert, Emmanuel S Buys, David J Marcinek, Justin M Percival
Aim: Skeletal muscle nitric oxide–cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO-cGMP) pathways are impaired in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy partly because of reduced nNOSμ and soluble guanylate cyclase (GC) activity. However, GC function and the consequences of reduced GC activity in skeletal muscle are unknown. In this study, we explore the functions of GC and NO-cGMP signaling in skeletal muscle. Results: GC1, but not GC2, expression was higher ...

Alterations in Skeletal Muscle Plasticity with Smoking, Smoking Cessation and Vitamin D Deficiency in Mice KU Leuven

Ajime Ajime Tom Tanjeko
Cigarette smoking is a prime cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, various cancers, respiratory disorders, and skeletal muscle dysfunction. The adverse effects of cigarette smoking beyond the respiratory system has been an area of rising interest, particularly its impact on skeletal muscles. Considering the capital role of skeletal muscles in movement, maintenance of ...

Two Weeks of Smoking Cessation Reverse Cigarette Smoke-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Mice KU Leuven

Chiel Poffé, Karen Maes, Wim Janssens, Thierry Troosters, Ghislaine Gayan-Ramirez
INTRODUCTION: Apart from its adverse effects on the respiratory system, cigarette smoking also induces skeletal muscle atrophy and dysfunction. Whether short-term smoking cessation can restore muscle mass and function is unknown. We, therefore, studied the impact of 1- and 2-week smoking cessation on skeletal muscles in a mouse model. METHODS: Male mice were divided into four groups: Air-exposed (14 weeks); cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed (14 ...

Enhancing Myoblast Fusion and Myotube Diameter in Human 3D Skeletal Muscle Constructs by Electromagnetic Stimulation KU Leuven

Lisanne Terrie, Lieven Thorrez
Skeletal muscle tissue engineering (SMTE) aims at the in vitro generation of 3D skeletal muscle engineered constructs which mimic the native muscle structure and function. Although native skeletal muscle is a highly dynamic tissue, most research approaches still focus on static cell culture methods, while research on stimulation protocols indicates a positive effect, especially on myogenesis. A more mature muscle construct may be needed ...